What issues does local government solve in the Russian Federation? What is local government?

Domestic policy in the Russian Federation is implemented on two levels. It is exercised by the bodies of state and local self-government. At the second level executive structures of municipal significance are formed. State and local self-government differ in terms of powers, spheres of their distribution. Municipalities form an independent direction for the implementation of Russia's domestic policy. They are independent of federal structures and unaccountable to them. Let's consider the general principles of organization of local self-government.

Basic information

Local government and self-government act as a form of expressing the will of the population of the country. It is implemented at the MO level - in rural and urban settlements, cities or their individual regions. Local self-government solves issues related to the life of the Defense Ministry. And the key role in this is played by citizens living within a particular municipality. The will of the population is expressed in elections, referendums, meetings, public hearings , etc.

What issues does local government solve?

The Constitution, federal and regional laws, as well as the MO Statutes, define the range of problems referred to the jurisdiction of territorial structures. Speaking about what issues the local self-government is solving, it should first of all be noted that the functions of administrative-territorial units include the disposal, possession and use of their property. Accordingly, the powers of territorial structures include the implementation of measures for the maintenance and operation of non-residential and housing funds. They determine the list of objects classified in one or another category, the category of citizens who can get them for rent, use or property. Municipal bodies of local self-government establish the procedure for providing objects, as well as the rules for their operation. In this case, regulatory requirements must comply with federal laws. The key properties are land, residential buildings, educational, cultural institutions, healthcare, trade, industry and consumer services.

Infrastructure content

Speaking about what issues the local self-government is solving, it is necessary to note the most important servicing function of the authorized structures. Their responsibility is to ensure the proper state of communication networks. In particular, we are talking about electricity, gas, water, heat, sanitation and sewerage. In addition, the tasks of the structures include road construction and maintenance of routes linking different localities within the boundaries of a particular MoD. It is impossible not to mention what issues local self-government is solving in the sphere of landscaping. The tasks of the structures include landscaping of streets, the maintenance of landscape gardening.

Financial control

Not many people know what issues the local self-government in the sphere of budgetary support decides. Meanwhile, for proper implementation of their powers, each MoD should have the necessary funds to do so. As sources of income are:

1. Fees and taxes, fines, part of the state deductions provided for in the Federal Law and the Charter.
2. Income from privatization or rental of property.
3. Deductions from the profits of industrial, service, trade and other enterprises.
4. Subsidies.

General organization of local self-government

The structure of the system is defined in the legislation formally. In accordance with the Federal Law, local government in the Russian Federation consists of elective (directly elected by citizens) or formed by the representative institution of the MI structures. They are endowed with their own powers. These territorial structures are not included in the system of state bodies. For them a specific list of directions of work is determined. Local self-government is implemented throughout the country. The boundaries of the MO are changed and established according to the legislation of the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Types of territorial structures

Above we considered what issues local self-government as a whole solves. However, in its structure services, institutions and enterprises are formed, which are vested with powers in specific spheres. The bodies of territorial self-government are authorized institutions of the Ministry of Defense, formed to implement administrative functions within its borders with a view to developing the economy, socio-cultural sphere, ensuring the interests of the population. Among the main structures are:

1. Representative institutions.
2. Head of Administration.
3. The supervisory authority.
4. Administration of the Ministry of Defense.
5. Other bodies, the creation of which is provided for in the charter of the locality to address issues of local importance.

The presence of elected structures and administration is considered mandatory. The latter acts as an executive and administrative institution. The rules for the creation, terms and term of office, control and accountability of local authorities are defined in the Charter of the Defense Ministry. The names of the territorial administration and its head, representative structure are established by regional legislation. This takes into account the cultural and historical traditions of the settlement.

Representative structure

Local self-government includes an elected institution with the right to represent the interests of citizens and take on their behalf regulations and other regulations that apply to the entire territory of the Defense Ministry. A representative structure includes deputies. They are chosen by citizens residing in the territory of the Ministry of Defense on the principle of universal, direct, equal, secret ballot. The structure is considered formed at election not less than 2/3 from the total number of deputies established in the Charter.

Activities

In the person of representative structures, local self-government solves problems relating to:

1. Adoption of the Charter of the Ministry of Defense, making additions / changes to it.
2. Approval of the budget and reporting on its implementation.
3. Establishment, modification and cancellation of fees and taxes in the territory of the Ministry of Defense.
4. Adoption of programs and plans for the development of the settlement, approval of reports on their implementation.
5. Determination of the order of disposal and management of property that is the property of the Ministry of Defense.
6. Control of the implementation by territorial structures and their officials of their powers.
7. The order of decision-making related to the creation, liquidation of MI institutions and enterprises, as well as the establishment of tariffs for their services.
8. Definitions of the rules of material and technical support of the work of authorized structures.
9. Participation of the MO in the organizations of intermunicipal interaction.

Other powers of representative structures are established by the Federal Law, as well as regional laws and Charters.

Head of MO

This is the highest official of the municipality. The head of the MO is empowered by the Charter and is under the control of the population and representative structure. To his jurisdiction are problems of territorial importance, approval of orders for appointing employees to the administration. The legislation provides for early termination of the powers of the head in case of resignation at personal request, recall by voters and in a number of other situations.

Administration

Local self-government in the Russian Federation can be carried out by individual state. Authority. They are determined by the Federal Law and regional regulations. These powers are transferred primarily to the MO administration. The head of the municipality may be the immediate head of the municipality or a person appointed to this position under the contract. It, in turn, is based on the results of the competition. The term of office of the head is determined in the Charter. The structure of the administration is approved by a representative territorial body. It can include functional (industry) and other departments.

Rights of territorial entities

Issues resolved by local self-government bodies often can not be delayed. In this regard, the authorized structures should have the appropriate authority to solve certain problems in the shortest possible time. Russian local government is vested with a number of rights that are transferred:

1. Department of Social Security. He has the right to appoint benefits and pensions.
2. Department of Education. He acts as a guardianship and trusteeship body and submits proposals for the head of the MO on adoption, supports in the courts instances of the requirement to deprive the parents of their rights.

As the most important direction of the implementation of functions is the publication of binding normative acts. They include, in particular, decisions and decisions that contain rules for the conduct of citizens and officials in the territory of the Defense Ministry. For non-compliance or violation of regulations, liability is foreseen.

Features of disposal of property

The powers of local self-government include:

1. Treasury MO - unified unallocated money.
2. Determination of the order of use of forests, water bodies and land.
3. Control of the activities of municipal enterprises.

The authorized structures are entitled to:

1. To transfer to companies or individuals the property in economic management. In this case, the municipality remains the owner, and the economic entity carries out its activities using the provided material values.
2. Lease the property.
3. Privatize objects. The rules and conditions for the implementation of the procedure are determined by the population.

Additionally

The legal basis for the functioning of local bodies is established by the Constitution in art. 130-133 and 12, FZ, regional legislation. The MO Statutes may provide for various positions, including heads of administration and representative structures. The head of the municipality may be elected by the population residing directly on its territory. The head of the MO may also be nominated by a representative body from among its members. The head elected by the population has the right to preside over the meetings of the legislative structure, if it is envisaged in the Charter. The duration of the powers of the head and elected representatives of the representative body can not be less than two years.

A responsibility

Territorial structures are controlled primarily by the population. They are also liable to the state in the manner prescribed by law. It comes on the decision of the appropriate court if the authorized structure of the provisions of the Constitution, the Federal Law, regional regulations or the Charter of the Defense Ministry. Officials are held accountable in the event of non-execution by them or improper execution of certain state employees. Authority. The head of the region has the right to issue a regulatory act on the removal from the post of the head of the Defense Ministry in the manner prescribed by law. This is allowed when there are violations in the work of an official based on the results of the audit. The period in which it is approved, can not be less than 1 month. From the date of entry into force of the last court decision acting as the basis for its adoption. Supervision over the implementation of the provisions of the Constitution and legislative acts by territorial structures and their employees is carried out by the prosecutor's office and other authorized federal bodies. The norms provide for the possibility of appealing against actions / omissions, decisions and other legal documents issued by territorial structures.

Conclusion

Local self-government acts as a link between the population and the state. The key task of the territorial structures is the provision of favorable conditions for the population residing in the territory of the Defense Ministry. To implement it, local authorities are given appropriate powers. At the same time, territorial structures are primarily responsible to citizens.