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What is Yuryev's day in history?

In the article we will talk about what is Yuryev's day, what is the history of this holiday, and also about the one in honor of whom it is celebrated. St. George, who was called Yuryev's day in Rus, is associated with many of us with the history of serfdom. And indeed, this holiday was special for the peasants. None of them had a question: "What is Yuryev's day?" Its significance for them was enormous. Are they intrigued? Read this article and you will find out what Yuryev is in the history of our country.

When Yuryev was celebrated, how he was associated with serfdom

This holiday was celebrated according to the old style on November 26, and on a new day - on December 9. In the period from 16 to 17 century, he fell on December 6.

Briefly answer the question about what is Yuryev's day for Russian peasants, in the following way. Firstly, it was on this day that the landlords settled with them. The calculation was based on the results of the harvested crop, when the financial year was ending in the village. It was from Egoriev's day, as Yuryev's day was called, that the word "to burn" occurred, which meant dishonestly paying off. Secondly, it was then that the withdrawal from the landowner was allowed. Peasants in the 15th century knew perfectly well what the Yuriev day was, because on this holiday they could freely leave their land and go to another landowner. For this, however, it was required to pay debts to the former landowner, and also the duty for using the land plot and the yard (the elderly). Those who lived 4 or more years with the landowner, paid in the case of the transition "all the elderly." Others, who were under his control for less than four years, gave only a part, depending on how long they lived with him. Let's talk about what is Yuryev's day in the history of Russia for next years.

The Code of Laws of Ivan III and Ivan the Terrible

After the Russian lands were united under the rule of the Moscow prince, a uniform order was established throughout the territory of the state. In 1497 the Code was adopted (under Ivan III). In accordance with it, the right of peasants to leave the landlords within a year was limited. Now they could leave them only after the end of field work, that is, a week before St. George's Day and another 7 days after. In the published under Ivan the Terrible (the portrait is presented above), the Law of 1550 left the right of "exit". This is the right of St. George's Day - the opportunity to escape from the landowner.

The regime of reserved years

The word "commandment" in translation means "prohibition". Tsar Fedor Ioannovich, on the initiative of B. Godunov, forbade the peasants to move from one master to another in Yuryev's day. But not always, but only in certain years, when scribe books were created, in which the inventory of the land fund and the population was presented. This ban was unexpected for Russian peasants. There was a following saying: "Here's to you, grandmother, and St. George's Day!"

"The Vintage Summer"

However, the peasants could still hide from the landlords. Even in the reign of Fyodor Ivanovich, in 1597, a decree was issued on the lessons of the years. It was for the first time that the term of the search for fugitive peasants was indicated. He was 5 years old. This time was called "tutorial years". If during his time the landowner did not find a peasant, did not turn to petition for his search, the right to him was lost to him. A fugitive peasant was legally assigned to a new master. "Urochnye leta" ("Urochnye leta") extended not only to draft peasants, who were attached to the ground for 5 years, but also to their wives and children who had not previously fallen under the "reserved summer". At the same time, any transition of the peasant was considered to be a flight. The person who made it was subject to return with property and family.

Boris Godunov subsequently then canceled this term, then introduced it again. After a while, serfdom was abolished, and the inhabitants of our country forgot what the Yuryev day is in history. Today, not everyone can tell about this holiday. However, in the culture of our country, its echoes have survived to this day.

So, we answered the question: "What is Yuryev's day?". The definition of this holiday, as you have learned, is connected with the name of St. George. But we have not yet told about this saint himself. We suggest you get to know him better.

Brief biography of George

This saint was born in Beirut (Belit) in the 3rd century AD. E. His parents were rich people. Despite the fact that Christians were persecuted at that time, they brought up their son in the traditions of faith. George was a handsome, strong and brave youth. Like many of his peers, he decided to join the military service of Diocletian, the emperor who lived from 284 to 305 AD. E. Soon he earned the favor and respect of the ruler of the Roman Empire. Diocletian, however, arranged persecution of Christians. Once George could not stand it and denounced the emperor in injustice and cruelty. He said that he is one of his favorites, and yet George is a Christian, like those whom Diocletian pursues. Of course, this act meant death for a brave young man. The emperor, convinced that he did not renounce Christ, ordered to cut off George's head. This happened in Nicomedia in 303.

Memorial Day of George

The very day of the memory of George-Yuri is a purely Russian holiday. He is not in other Orthodox churches. The memory of the victim of the faith of the warrior George, who lived under Emperor Diocletian, is celebrated on May 6 according to a new style. Many Orthodox peoples, for example, the southern Slavs, George - the patron of farmers. Everyone knows the killing of the serpent, depicted on the Moscow coat of arms, he committed.

Miracle of the Dragon

Each of you probably saw the image of St. George sitting on a white horse and striking with a spear of a serpent, writhing on the ground. It illustrates the event that took place after the death of St. George. According to legend, near the place where this saint was born, in the city of Beirut, there lived a snake in the lake. He often devoured the local population. In order to satisfy his hunger, residents began to regularly bring him to be devoured by a girl or boy, who were chosen by lot. The lot once fell on the daughter of the man who ruled this area. The girl was taken to the lake and tied here. She was terrified of the appearance of the monster. When the serpent began to approach her, a young man suddenly appeared on a white horse. He pierced the monster with a spear and thus saved the girl. Of course, this young man was George, a holy martyr. By this miraculous phenomenon, he put an end to the destruction of girls and boys within Beirut. George turned to Christ the population of this country, whose inhabitants were previously pagans.

Symbols in the miracle of the serpent

This story is called George's miracle of the serpent. He recalls the folklore stories of various countries about the heroes and heroes who conquered the monster. However, the victory of the saint, with all resemblance to them, was more spiritual than physical. It is no accident that the image of the hero attacking a snake is often explained in an allegorical way. The tsarevna, saved by him, personifies the Church, and the serpent symbolizes paganism. The fact that George is depicted on horseback is also not accidental. This symbolizes the victory over the "ancient serpent", that is, the devil. The victory over the dragon, as well as the fact that Georgy by profession was a warrior, became the reason for honoring him as the patron of the army.

Resurrection of the ox

But, besides killing a snake, he was revered for another act. George once met on his way to a poor peasant. This man fell a single ox. George begged God with his prayer to revive the ox. Peasants treated the victory over the serpent as an opportunity to pray to this saint with a request to protect against the bites of poisonous snakes attacking cattle, as well as from predatory animals in general.

Memory of the Holy

Since the 10th century, the name "Yuri" and "George" became widespread in Russia. Yaroslav the Wise, the son of Vladimir, baptized Rus, was christened George in the baptism. Yaroslav, in honor of his patron, built a St. George Church in Kiev, a Yuryev monastery in Veliky Novgorod, and founded the Baltic city of Yuriev. The church, located in Kiev (pictured above), was destroyed and rebuilt several times during the Middle Ages. Finally, it was destroyed only in 1934. Today, only the name of the alley in Kiev, located near the Golden Gate (Georgievsky Lane), reminds of this church. Nowadays the city of Yuryev belongs to Estonia. It was renamed Tartu. And located in Veliky Novgorod Yuryev monastery (in the photo below) is still valid today. It is one of the main attractions of this city. Thanks to him, many of our compatriots remember what Yuryev's day is.

The history definition given by the teacher, or simply interest in the traditions of our country, prompted you to get acquainted with this holiday? We hope that in any case you have found the necessary information. We can talk a long time about Yuryev's day in Russia, but we tried to select only the most important information.

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