HealthMedicine

What is called abdominal syndrome? Treatment of abdominal syndrome

Abdominal syndrome in medicine is commonly referred to as a complex of symptoms, the main criterion for which is abdominal pain. It should immediately be noted that it often does not have a direct connection with any surgical pathology, but is caused either by diseases of organs located in the abdominal cavity, or by problems with the nervous system of the patient, by the condition of his lungs and heart. To provoke this pain can also be an inflammatory process in the peritoneum, caused by exposure to toxic substances, and its stretching by the diseased organ.

Next, we will consider in detail the symptoms, types and ways of treating the syndrome.

In what cases does the abdominal syndrome develop?

Abdominal pain syndrome has a rather complex classification. Conditionally it can be correlated with diseases, against which it is manifested.

  • It can be diseases of the digestive system - hepatitis, cirrhosis, stenosis of the pylorus of the duodenum, etc.
  • These abdominal pains can also accompany the pathology of the chest - pneumonia, myocardial infarction, diverticulosis of the esophagus, etc.
  • The manifestation of abdominal syndrome is also observed in cases of infectious or viral diseases - syphilis, herpes zoster, etc.

In a special group of pathological conditions that form the development of the described pathology, it is necessary to include diseases caused by a metabolic disorder or immune system - diabetes, rheumatism and porphyria.

How is pain manifested under various factors

Abdominal pain syndrome is also differentiated depending on the type of pain. It is this symptom that often helps specialists to diagnose and diagnose the cause of the disease. This is done through a careful examination of the patient, biochemical blood test, ultrasound results, as well as radiography of the thoracic and abdominal organs.

  1. There are spasmodic pains that arise and disappear suddenly, bearing the character of a pain attack. They often irradiate into the back, under the shoulder blade, into the lower back or lower extremities and are accompanied by nausea, vomiting, forced withdrawal, etc. As a rule, they are provoked by inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity, poisoning or disruption of the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
  2. If the syndrome is caused by the extension of the hollow organs, the pain becomes aching and drawing.
  3. And with structural changes or damage to organs, peritoneal pains appear. In medicine, they are considered the most dangerous and are united by the common name "acute stomach". Such a pain appears suddenly, it is diffuse, accompanied by a general malaise and severe vomiting. When changing position, movement or coughing - is amplified.
  4. Reflex pains occur with pneumonia, heart attack, pleurisy, etc. During such attacks, pain caused by an organ that is outside the abdominal cavity is reflected in the abdomen. It is usually associated with the symptoms of the disease, against which the described syndrome develops - a rise in temperature (if it is an infection), pain in the heart or in the joints (with ischemic heart disease or rheumatism), etc.
  5. And psychogenic pains are not connected with illness of internal organs. They are neurotic and are caused most often by stresses, shocks and depressed state of the patient.

I would like to emphasize that any abdominal pain should be the reason for going to the doctor, because the abdominal syndrome, as you saw, can be a sign of a condition requiring urgent surgery and threatening the patient's life.

Features of the manifestation of chronic abdominal pain

The syndrome of abdominal pain may manifest as short-lived and rapidly developing seizures, and may also have a chronic chronic character.

In the latter case, pain, as a rule, increases gradually and recurs for several weeks and even months. And it should be said that the chronic form of the syndrome is mainly formed depending on psychological factors, and not on the extent of the damaging effect. That is, this pathology to some extent ceases to reflect the degree of the underlying disease and begins to develop according to its laws.

Researchers believe that chronic abdominal syndrome is often provoked by a state of latent depression. Such patients, as a rule, complain of a combination of different localizations of pain sensations - for example, they can have a headache, a back, a stomach, etc., and so on. They often describe their condition thus: "My whole body hurts."

True, not all chronic abdominal pains are caused by mental disorders - they can appear against the background of cancer, joint diseases, coronary heart disease. But in this case the syndrome has a clear limited localization.

Manifestations of abdominal syndrome that require urgent hospitalization

As mentioned earlier, acute abdominal syndrome in some cases may be a sign of serious impairment of the functioning of some organs in the abdominal cavity or outside it. Therefore, in order not to expose yourself to a possible danger with the appearance of abdominal pain, you should know in which cases it requires urgent medical treatment.

  • If, together with the pain, there is a strong weakness, dizziness and a state of apathy;
  • On the body there are multiple subcutaneous hematomas;
  • The patient suffers from repeated vomiting;
  • Abdominal muscles tense;
  • Tachycardia arises with pain and blood pressure decreases;
  • The patient is troubled by a fever, the origin of which is unclear;
  • The volume of the abdomen greatly increases, accompanied by severe pain;
  • Gases do not depart, and peristaltic noises are absent;
  • In women there are heavy discharge or bleeding.

Each of these signs (and especially their combination) requires expert advice, since it can be a manifestation of a life-threatening condition.

Abdominal pain syndrome in children

On the development of abdominal syndrome children are a special group of risk. This is due to the ability of the child's organism to react excessively to any damaging factors.

So, at an early age, this syndrome can be provoked by excessive gassing, which causes intestinal colic in the baby. And occasionally as a cause may be intussusception (a kind of obstruction) of the intestine, requiring immediate hospitalization, or congenital abnormalities of the abdominal cavity.

Abdominal syndrome in children of school age is most often a sign of chronic gastroduodenitis or disorders of the pancreas. Often, the syndrome develops against a background of acute or chronic kidney or bladder pathology. In adolescent girls, it can manifest itself during the development of the menstrual cycle. By the way, in this case, the appearance of pain may be a sign of the presence of ovarian cysts.

Difficulties diagnosing with abdominal syndrome in children

Abdominal syndrome in children causes certain difficulties in the diagnosis of pathology, which has caused the appearance of pain. This is due to the fact that the child is often unable to accurately characterize their feelings, their location, strength and the presence of irradiation.

By the way, pediatricians claim that babies quite often describe any malaise and discomfort as a pain in the abdomen. With this description, doctors face even in cases when the child is clearly experiencing dizziness, pain in the ears, head, or nausea.

The methods of combating abdominal syndrome in children, as well as in adults, directly depend on the underlying disease that caused its appearance, therefore, experts strongly recommend that parents do not make independent decisions and do not try to help the pain in the abdomen of the baby with the help of spasmolytic or pain medication Preparations. The fact is that such actions can lubricate the picture of what is happening with the child, make even more difficult and already difficult diagnosis and thus cause serious consequences.

So, when your child complains of pain in the abdomen and other signs of abdominal syndrome, you need to urgently consult a doctor. In this case it is better to be safe!

Manifestation of a syndrome in ARVI

Often, pediatricians observe and ARVI with abdominal syndrome. In children this is also associated with the peculiarity of the organism's reaction to damaging factors.

In such cases, the usual symptoms of a viral infection - reddening of the throat, runny nose, coughing, weakness and fever - a small patient may have the urge to vomit and pain in the abdomen. But these manifestations may turn out to be both a peculiarity of the child's reaction to infection, and, for example, a sign of a chronic pathology of the abdominal cavity that has become aggravated against the background of acute respiratory infections.

Therefore, the diagnosis of "SARS with abdominal syndrome" in medical circles is considered inaccurate and streamlined. He does not give a concrete explanation of what is happening in the patient's body at the moment, and the patient with manifestations of the symptoms of this syndrome requires mandatory additional examination to exclude surgical causes of abdominal pain.

How is abdominal syndrome treated?

Due to the fact that the described state is not a separate disease, but only a complex of symptoms, it is necessary to fight the abdominal syndrome, eliminating, in the first place, the cause that caused the ailment. A significant role in this is also the elimination of motor disorders in the digestive tract and the normalization of the patient's perception of pain.

To eliminate the discomfort that has appeared against the background of problems with the gastrointestinal tract, as a rule, myotropic antispasmodics are prescribed. The most popular among them is the drug Drotaverin, which has a high selective effect and has no negative effect on the nervous and cardiovascular system. This tool has not only an antispasmodic effect, but also helps to reduce the viscosity of the blood, which makes it possible to use it not only for dyskinesia of the bile ducts, peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum, but also for ischemic bowel disease.

No less effective are the drugs related to the muscarinic receptor blockers (they create conditions for muscle relaxation and withdrawal of spasms) or to selective and nonselective holinoblockers (Gastrotsepin, Platifillin, Metacin, etc.).

What is abdominal ischemic syndrome

From the various pains described in the abdomen in medicine, it is customary to distinguish the syndrome of abdominal chronic ischemia. It is a developing long-term insufficiency of blood supply of various parts of the abdominal aorta as a result of:

  • Severe cardiovascular disorders;
  • Arteritis;
  • Vasculitis;
  • Abnormalities of development and compression of blood vessels;
  • As well as the appearance of cicatricial stenosis after injuries and surgeries.

Such a state is fraught with the withering away (necroticization) of parts of vessels or organs in which oxygen is not supplied sufficiently and the products of decay are not released.

It is interesting that the abdominal ischemic syndrome is most often found in men after 45 years. And it manifests itself, as a rule, by a triad of signs - pressing-noisy, often, paroxysmal abdominal pain, intestinal dysfunction, and also progressive weight loss.

How to deal with abdominal ischemic syndrome

The pain usually appears about half an hour or so after a meal and can last up to four hours. Sometimes it radiates to the back or to the left side of the chest and is accompanied by flatulence, belching, nausea, vomiting, regardless of the quality of the food taken.

It can be provoked not only by food, but also by physical stress or by fast walking, and pain is stopped at rest on its own, however, sometimes it requires taking nitroglycerin or (in case of its increased intensity) analgesics.

With the diagnosis of "abdominal ischemic syndrome", treatment, as in other cases, is aimed at the underlying disease. The patient is prescribed antispasmodics, drugs that improve the blood circulation, anticoagulants, and in the case of intestinal dysbacteriosis - the remedy that improves his microflora.

Patients usually recommend fractional meals in small portions, with the exception of coarse and gas-forming products. And in case of severe disease they can be shown surgery to restore blood circulation in abdominal aortic branches.

The compartment syndrome

If, however, the patient experiences complications caused by trauma or surgery, intra-abdominal pressure rises, then this condition is diagnosed as an abdominal compartment syndrome. It is quite dangerous and is also accompanied by abdominal pain of varying strength and localization, which depend both on the height of the patient's pain threshold and on his general condition.

By the way, there are no specific symptoms speaking of intraperitoneal hypertension, therefore, the physical diagnosis of the abdomen or the study of the overall clinical picture of the disease is not sufficient to establish the diagnosis. The most accurate way to determine hypertension in this case, according to experts, is to measure pressure in the bladder, which can serve as a starting point for the appointment of urgent adequate treatment.

As already mentioned, the compartment syndrome is a dangerous condition. Without special treatment, it can lead not only to serious abnormalities of the abdominal organs, but even to a fatal outcome. As a rule, the most effective way to combat this abdominal syndrome is surgery - the so-called decompression, which reduces the level of intra-abdominal pressure and restores blood circulation in the abdominal region.

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