ComputersInformation Technology

What is an information system? School information system. Unified information system

If we talk about what an information system (IS) is, then it is worth considering this issue from different points of view, which will create an overall picture. Experts say that it is an interrelated set of tools, personnel and methods used to store, process and issue information necessary to solve specific tasks.

Basic moments

Considering what an information system is, it is necessary to say that it can have a different scale and purpose. There are other features. Systems can differ in the degree of coverage of different areas of the company, can be designed not only for the conduct of warehouse or accounting, but also finance, the implementation of production accounting and control of the document flow of the enterprise.

Regardless of the purpose, they all have a whole set of properties that have become common to them. As the basic technical means for information processing in any modern system, the use of computers is required. They are tools and a technical base in combination with specialized programs installed on them. If we talk about what an information system is, then it should be noted that its basis can be called the tools designed to store and access data. They are intended for use by the end user, who should not be a specialist in the field of computer technology. This includes client applications designed to provide an intuitive interface.

Types of IP

Such systems are divided into documentary and factographic. The first are focused on solving tasks related to the management of production, accounting and other similar ones. The latter are focused on the search for unambiguous answers to queries, as well as on the solution of the task in one way only. These can be heterogeneous reference and information systems, search engines, as well as those engaged in the operational processing of data. Documentary IS are designed to solve problems that do not provide for unambiguous answers to questions. Here it is possible to cite as an example the system of electronic document circulation, which is becoming more popular at enterprises in recent times. A mixed type of IP is allowed.

Scale

Speaking of what an information system is, it is worth mentioning such an important issue as its scale. It is customary to distinguish between individual or desktop IS, network, in which several users are included, as well as the largest ones - of the enterprise scale. Modern company is quite difficult to imagine without using such a system. It does not matter in what area the activities of the enterprise are concentrated, its size is not so important, its IP in any case serves as a pivot providing effective management of production, trade or timely quality provision of services. With its help, the management tasks are simplified, it is possible to free some employees from solving a variety of routine cases, reducing the probability of errors, reducing the number of paper documents, and there are opportunities for a significant reduction in costs. For this reason, any modern enterprise differs in that everything connected with the information system and ensuring its uninterrupted functioning has become the subject of special control by management personnel.

City information system of cadastral registration

The IP of the urban cadastre is one of the ways to ensure the information transformation of cadastral data on objects of different types of property in the locality. It is a complex of hardware and software, material and labor resources, which are aimed at creating information about real estate objects and its full presentation in the form of material documents.

The urban information system plays a very important role in providing data, as it serves as an effective means of forming an information space that is used to manage social, economic, economic and other activities in it. In the current socio-economic conditions, the creation of such a space becomes possible only on the basis of absolute automation of such processes as collection, processing, storage and updating of cadastral data on real estate objects. In addition, the provision of information systems provides access to all specified data, an operational exchange between state and commercial structures of all kinds, services and organizations of the city.

The need for such a structure

At the moment, certain state, commercial and municipal organizations (land markets, mortgage banks, real estate privatization committees, tax inspections, insurance companies, etc.) are almost unable to perform their direct duties without organizing timely exchange of cadastral information, reliable during this period of time. That is why the development of an information system of this kind allows us to solve not only the tasks of protecting property rights and taxation, but also other issues.

Non-cadastral tasks

- operative, complete and high-quality information support for bodies administering the city, commercial, economic and other structures and individuals with full and reliable information about the physical condition of real estate objects of different forms of ownership and other elements of the urban environment;

- analysis of the use of infrastructure, natural, labor, material, technical resources and resources of the city, their distribution by ownership forms and so on;

- work on the preparation of town-planning and architectural projects, the design of engineering networks and other.

Difficulties in work

The design of information systems of this kind became necessary due to the fact that until recently there were no analogues in the domestic market capable of solving such complex tasks. Abroad, too, there are no such solutions, but in recent years, the intensification of work in this area is simply amazing. The first Russian development in this area was AIS GK, created by Novosibirsk branch RosNIC "Earth". It is aimed at providing various structures with reliable cadastral information: administration, privatization committee, insurance bureaus, tax inspections, institutions and enterprises, mortgage, land and investment banks, as well as individuals who possess real estate.

Features of accounting

It is important to understand that certain services and organizations of the city are able to be not only passive consumers of cadastral information, but also to form it, having a huge impact on the formation of the urban information space. It is for this reason that the development of the AIS GC was carried out taking into account the possibility of using software products of similar users, and also provided for the safety of their fleet of technical measuring instruments. The unified information system was developed taking into account all the specified features.

The principles of construction used

- modularity in terms of construction, which allows to ensure the normal functioning of each individual element, and therefore their entire population as a whole;

- Informational technologies of information systems have a very flexible software architecture that allows to include new subscribers into the network and exclude them from it, without reducing the operability, reliability and performance of the entire structure, and does not require any reconfiguration;

- the data is fully protected from loss due to failures or unauthorized access to IP;

- classification and coding of data on elements of the urban environment is unified;

- the information is entered in a single format, which is made possible through the use of system customization tools provided by the operating system and network DBMS;

- the results of geodetic changes are processed in a fully automated mode, regardless of what methods were used to collect them;

- information in the database is presented in topological integrity, there is an opportunity to edit all types of cadastral data;

- operative control of the reliability and correctness of the data in all transactions with them.

Such a single information system is able to solve not only the cadastral tasks directly, but also many other issues associated with the development of plans for the development of territories and their reorganization, environmental protection, the rational allocation of housing facilities, the modeling of transport flows, property management and many others. In addition, such a system easily absorbs user devices, tools and computers.

Alternative options

The school information system is a completely new approach to education. With the help of important elements, timely provision of data is achieved. For example, an element such as an electronic diary is used to post information about assessments and homework, allowing operative interaction between teachers and students. This includes a student portfolio, showing its activity at school and abroad. The school information system supports the use of personal privacy settings through a personal cabinet. Parents can quickly receive reliable information not only about academic performance, but also about homework.

So, all this allows us to understand what an information system is, how it helps in solving many important issues.

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