What is a republic

Very often, the topic of our everyday conversations and public discussions is politics. It is with political upheavals in the country and in the rest of the world that we usually associate our own well-being, personal perspectives, the future of our children. In such a situation it is extremely important to understand at least the initial foundations of political terminology. What is a republic, a monarchy, democracy, a dictatorship? Today it is very popular to appeal to the democratic nature of the government. In turn, politicians themselves often declare their own liberal views. Let's try to understand.

Historical digression

The term "democracy" comes from two Greek words Antique period: "demos" and "kratos". Literally - "people" and "power". Thus, the democracy of Greek policies assumed that the bearer of the highest form of power is all the full-fledged population of the city. And the government ranks were elected by a general vote. Having understood this concept, it will be easier for us to understand what a republic is.

Later the banner of the advanced culture center among the Greeks was intercepted by the Latins. They became heirs of the ancient civilization, borrowing many elements of culture. But at the same time, they introduced a lot of new things into it, building a grandiose Roman civilization. It was the Romans who first gave the world the notion of what a republic is. In translation from Latin, "res" - "business", "publicus" - "general". Thus, the republic is literally a "common, people's cause". It is closely connected with democracy and has basically similar principles, according to which the people choose the government. However, this form was forgotten for many centuries, when in the Middle Ages the military leaders eventually became kings. The form of government that has established itself in these countries is usually called monarchical. The basis of such a state is the presence of the monarch himself. For a long time in Europe absolute absolute monarchy ruled the ball , when the power of the king was indisputable in any matter of external and Internal policy of the country. And the state's interest was directly connected with the interest of the royal dynasty. History knows many examples of wars, caused by personal insults of high-ranking individuals. However, there was a time, and the Renaissance, elevated humanism and the value of the human person, led to the development of the corresponding ideas of Voltaire, Locke, Rousseau and other philosophers. The popular masses really remembered what a republic is, during the French Revolution of 1789. For the first time since antiquity, non-aristocratic classes declared to the nobles that they also have the right to be called people and to decide the fate of the country. Understanding what a republic is, was formed by the world-famous slogans: "Freedom! Equality! Brotherhood!"

Nowadays

However, today many social processes have become more complicated. What are the present republics? Kazakhstan, for example, has the same declared form of government. In modern conditions, this means the selectivity of the people of all authorities at all levels. The division of the branches of power into an executive, Legislative and ship. This is done to ensure the independence of state structures from each other. Thus, the people themselves become the highest bearer of power, and the elected person is only the executor of his will expressed in the elections. In addition, the republican system presupposes the supremacy of the Constitution - the main law regulating the main points in the organization of the state. That is, the law of the Republic of Kazakhstan is subject to strict execution by any resident of the country, regardless of position.