What are the prefixes: meaning and spelling

Any word consists of parts, which in linguistics are called morphemes. The most important of them is the root. It contains the main meaning. He is like a house on a foundation, to which various premises are added in the form of suffixes (affixes) and prefixes (prefixes), they are fitted, when possible, and the ending. And each time after such construction works, the appointment of a home can significantly change. It is worth to take a closer look at the facade, but for this you need to know: what are the prefixes, what new they give to the meaning of the word and do not conceal in itself what danger.

What are the prefixes for?

What stands before the root, at the beginning of the word, is the prefix. The prefix refers to significant morphemes, since its main function is education. Despite the fact that the word can not have one prefix (two, three), they are all written together. But you can do this without errors, only knowing certain rules.

In modern Russian there are more than 70 prefixes. Of course, not each of them spelling is regulated by the rule. What are the prefixes for these features, you can learn by looking at the three main groups:

- uniform spelling. These are prefixes that do not have a consonant pair. For example, in- or o- (after all, there is no prefix f- or a-). Here you can include: za-, co-, pa-, po, su-, y-, and so on;

- Features of writing prefixes that end in "z" or "c". These are prefixes such as ra- (raz-), nis- (bottom-), bes- (without-). If after the prefix there is a sonorous consonant, then one should write at the end of "z", if it is deaf, then "c";

- prefix and her sister pre-. The unerring use of these prefixes depends on a correct understanding of the meaning that they bring to the word.

What are the prefixes of origin

The prefixes are divided into native Russian and foreign languages. The first include:

- on, in, from, on, without, over, that is, prefixes, which can be prepositions;

- pa- and pra- - are obsolete, but still found in words such as stepdaughter, flood, great-grandfather;

- inter-, post-, out-, near-, counter-, once these prefixes were adverbial pretexts, but eventually became part of the word.

Foreign in origin are:

- prefixes on the letter "a" (Greek): antipopular, immoral, archival;

- counter-, de-, dis-, re-, ultra-, ex-, trans-, extra- (Latin): counteroffensive, demobilization, disqualification, regression, ultrafilter, ex-champion;

- eu-, ev- (ev-) - prefixes of Greek origin with the meaning "present". For example, e-angelia (true message), eu-bacteria (the right bacteria);

- des (French): disorganization, disinformation.

Both mushrooms and splinters have the prefix o-

Very often we do not think about what kind of prefixes there are in words. And how with the help of them the original meaning changes. For example, everyone knows what a "stump" is. Let's add the prefix o and suffix -ok. As a result, we get the word "hackney". Do not think that this is a mushroom growing on a stump. A real understanding of this word is given by the prefix o-, which denotes the propagation of action around something. So the mushrooms are not located on the stump, but around it.

If you remember about a mistake, a mistake, a misprint, or an oversight, you can immediately see that the prefix o-has one more meaning - an indication of an incorrect, reckless act. And if you pay attention to the words: a fragment, a cigarette butt, a stub, a stub, then the new meaning of the same prefix becomes obvious - a particle of the object, obtained after some impact on it.

What is the difference between pre- and

To properly write these prefixes you need to clearly know the meaning of the words in which they are used. For comparison and better memorization, a table

Close in sound, but different in writing

There are words where prefix (pri) carries the main semantic load, and here it is important not to be mistaken, otherwise the meaning will change completely. You can only arrive somewhere and on something, but stay - it means already somewhere to be. For example, to arrive by train to the station, but stay carelessly in the car.

There are a lot of such pairs in sound in the Russian language. Understand their correct spelling, you can only know the Russian language: what are the prefixes in this and that meaning, and which are in the other. And then the verbs "to gaze" (shelter) and "despise" (neglect, ignore) are not confused in my head.

It is worth remembering once and for all that the receiver is what it takes, and the successor takes over from someone an experience, a position. You can put something on the wall, but you just have to bow before what is worthy of respect. If the product is recommended to give shape, then you will only get a friend, dreams, ideals. It will be possible to pretend only a window or door, and dreams and ideas are put into practice.

A little more about spelling

In our language there are prefixes that are separated from the word by a hyphen. There are only three of them: in-in, (in-) and in some. Do adverbs in -skie, -kki, -you, -you, -oh - this prefix is: foolish, in its own way, in Volga, in hare. In pronouns without a preposition a hyphen is written: some, somehow. Introductory words are formulated as follows: "thirdly", "secondly", "apparently".

There is one more rule related to prefixes and which is often forgotten to use on the letter, being guided only by one pronunciation. This is the choice of the vowels "and" or "s" following the prefix. In this case, the spelling is not related to what the prefixes are, but from which letter to start the root. This applies to all words for "and": play, search, history, integral, idea, etc.

If a prefix appears in them, the end of which is a consonant, then "s" is written after it. For example: play, find, prehistory, unprincipled. There are exceptions to this rule:

- Complex words: sports equipment, pedagogical institute;

- charge;

- prefixes of super- and inter-: superinteresting, interinstitutional;

- foreign prefixes: counterplay, subinspector, post-impressionism.

We tried to focus on the main points of the life of the consoles, concerning their meanings and spelling, because this small morpheme has a great meaning.