Visimsky Reserve (Sverdlovsk Region)

The Visimsky Reserve (Sverdlovsk Region) was established in 1946. But somewhat later - in 1951 - it was closed. After 20 years (1971), the Visimsky Reserve was reopened on an area of more than 9,500 hectares. After a certain period, its borders became wider.

General information

The area of this natural area today is more than 13 500 hectares. A significant part of the nature reserve is in the Middle Urals along the upper reaches of the Sulem River. The rest occupies a small area of the upper reaches of the Vogulka creek. Thus, the Wysima Reserve is a kind of border between the region of Europe and Asia. In 2001, the nature reserve received the status of a biosphere reserve. The central manor is located in the river. H. Visim. This is an old mining center, as well as the birthplace of the famous writer DN Mamin-Sibiriak.

Purpose of creation

The main prerequisite for the foundation of the reserve was preservation and exploration of the natural complex in the Sredneuralskaya mountain taiga. The "Regulations on the Wishima State Reserve" clearly outlines the main goals and objectives of the creation of this territory:

1. Implementation of security activities on the territory of the reserve with all located facilities, as well as compliance with the protection regime.
2. Conducting complex works on biogeocenological research of the most ancient forests of the watershed in the Middle Urals.
3. Investigation of the dynamic development of natural processes in the framework of biocenoses of different derived levels.
4. Ecological education among the population, as well as protection and rational use of available natural resources.
5. Assistance in the qualified training of researchers.

Borders and territory

The natural zone is marked by a four-meter clearing with signs in the form of poles, posts. The very length of the border is 60 km. In 1973, the territory of the Visim reserve has undergone some changes, as a result of which it was increased by 3767 hectares with the aim of preserving and exploring the primeval massifs of firs and spruce forests along the upper reaches of the river. Sulim, as well as a section of the watershed ridge. Somewhat later, in accordance with the interests of water supply in the city of Kirovgrad, a fairly large area (about 400 hectares) was transferred to the sinking of the Sul'moy reservoir. This area was mainly represented by shallow plantations, horsetail and waterlogged zones of fir-spruce forests, as well as aconite-tall grass birch forests. At the same time, as compensation, the Visimsky Biosphere Reserve received 400 hectares from the Nevyanskiy Leskhoz in a large part of the indigenous, perfectly preserved, fern-loam fir-spruce forest.

Security mode

The territory around the reserve itself is a protection zone with an area of 66,100 hectares, which is 5 times the area of the biosphere reserve. On the territory of the natural zone there is a ban on fishing, hunting, as well as certain restrictions for forest management, that is, standard security measures. They are especially important for ensuring the normal life of large and smaller mammals whose habitat requires a large enough space. In addition, at the end of December 1983, some new restrictions were introduced regarding the logging regime in the protected area, which extended to the entire basin of the Sul'moy reservoir. This is especially important for the river Medvezhka. It flows through the entire territory of the biosphere reserve. All other rivers and reservoirs are located beyond its borders, and their basins have so far served as raw materials for logging enterprises.

Natural monuments

In the Wysima Reserve, in addition to unique natural landscapes, there are numerous natural monuments. In addition to the existing ones, it is planned to open the Monuments "Mountain of Raspberry" and "Crane Marsh". Visimsky Reserve, whose attractions are distributed throughout the territory, includes such objects as "Primitive Forest at Bolshie Galashki", "Starik-Kamen", "Kedrovnik on the Notichi River", "Obnozheniye na Sulom," " Kameshek ".

Fauna

The Wysim reserve, animals in which are mainly representatives of the taiga zone, is truly a unique place. On the territory, badgers, hares, elks, foxes, martens, squirrels and brown bears feel very comfortable. In quiet and calm places near the rivers one can easily meet an otter, as well as a wolf or a lynx. They, as is known, fulfill the task of forest orderlies. At present, work is being done in the biosphere reserve to take into account the number of mammals and their main habitats. Among the birds in the Visimsky Reserve, hazel grouse, wood grouse, black grouse, as well as a large number of songbirds are often found. During the nesting period in the light forests of mixed and deciduous type, the maximum number of nesting birds is recorded. In many areas, finch and green chiffchaff often occur. After the inventory works, a large number of new representatives of the animal world were discovered, such as beaver European, American mink, common hedgehog and wild boar, and several new species of shrews.

The main types of hunting and commercial mammals

Due to acclimatization in the Shali district, which was carried out in 1975, the number of European beavers increased significantly, and in the mid-70's. Their populations began to rapidly penetrate the river. Sulim, that is, directly into the Visimsky Reserve itself. In 1979, after the registration, 7 settlements of this animal with a population of about 25 representatives were identified. Kunitsa prefers to settle in the more secluded corners of the reserve, most often in remote forest areas, its population does not exceed 20-25 individuals. Weasel, in turn, settles on more open biotopes - glades of meadows and forest fringes. Accordingly, ermine prefers rocky mounds and formations, as well as cluttered river valleys. The fox in the biosphere reserve is not easy to meet. Most often it can be seen along forest glades and birch forests, in the northern and eastern parts of the reserve. Badger is found quite often, settles in light birch and aspen forests, along the dry slopes of the mountains. In summer, throughout the protected area of the natural reserve, you can find traces of the habitat of 6-8 brown bears. They leave the den in the first half of April and lie back in hibernation in mid-October. As a rule, local bears are omnivorous, but in comparison with the East Siberian relative they can quite be considered vegetarians. Traveling through the territory of the natural complex, you can find so-called bear "dining rooms" - ruined anthills and hornets' nests.

Features of the landscape

The territory of the Visimsky reserve along the surface and composition of rocks can be divided into three parts: eastern (Sutuku), central (Kuliga) and western (Sul'moi). The latter is represented by a hilly and steep relief and is characterized by relatively low altitudes (350-400 m above sea level). The central part is already higher - in some places the foothills reach 473 m. But the eastern zone of the reserve is characterized by a typical mountainous relief, the maximum height of which is marked on Bolshaya Sutuk (659 m). The main part of the landscape is represented by mountains. They are decorated with the watershed ridge of the Middle Urals. The mountains of the eastern part of the Visimsky biosphere reserve - Bolshoy, Malyi and Lipovyi Sutuki and Malinovaya Mountain - consist of crystalline intrusive rocks of basic and acid magma, which prevents them from weathering and destruction. Here in brief what the Visimsky Reserve is. How to get to the natural area? In general, the route from Ekaterinburg has a length of 120 km. To the village of Visim, you should go along the Serov tract.