Umrevinskiy Ostrog (Moshkovsky district): description. Sights of the Novosibirsk Region

Umrevinskiy Ostrog was erected in 1703 by Russian Cossacks. Prerequisites for this were the tense military-political situation in Novosibirsk Ob Oblast. At that time, the Russian population could migrate very limited. This continued until, in 1695, Alexei Stepanov's son Kruglik did not receive a special document. It had a confirmed right to use this land. This paper was given out by the Tomsk Province Chancellery.

Location of the prison

In the place where the river Umreva empties into the Ob, there was a jail on the left bank. Today it is the Novosibirsk region. The building is 3 km to the north-west from the village of Umreva.

The construction of Russian jails was started in 1590. Thus, advancing from the city of Tobolsk along the Ob river, the eastern defensive line of the Russian kingdom was built.

Russian Prisoners

Since then, many similar structures were erected on the vast Russian expanses:

• Achinsk - in 1641;
• Berdsky - 1716 year;
• Ketsky - 1596;
• Kuznetsk - in 1618 was erected near the confluence of the river Kondoma in the river Tom, and in 1620 was relocated to the right bank of the river. Tom;
• Melesky - 1621 year;
• Narymsky - 1595;
• Semiluzhny - built in 1609, as an outpost-outpost, and 53 years later was rebuilt as a full-fledged fort (fortress);
• Surgutsky - 1594 year;
• Tomsk - 1604 year;
• Umrevinsky - 1703 year;
• Urtamsky - year 1684;
• Chaussky - 1713 year.

The future jails-cities were built on the Yenisei River, except for Surgutsky, which belongs to the Tomsk district.

Built Umrevinskiy prison was the first on the Novosibirsk land and laid the foundation for the construction of the following. This was due to well-established circumstances - the Kirghiz were defeated in 1701 from Ivan Tikhonov and Alexei Kruglikov. As a result, the warlike nomadic Yenisei tribes were hijacked in 1703 into the interior of the Khanate (northwestern China) by the Jungars.

What did the prison look like?

In 1702, A. Kruglikov, along with a detachment of servicemen, ascended a ship along the Ob river to the Oyash and Umreva rivers to determine the location for the construction of a new prison.

Umrevinsky prison was located on a level platform, which has the following dimensions:

• Along the coastline 700 meters;
• From the water deep into the shore 250 - 300 meters.

Around the prison there was a forest consisting of birches, poplars and pines.

In the XVII century the jail had a quadrangular shape, and along its perimeter was a ditch, a rampart and a wooden palisade with three observation towers. The Umrevinsky prison was larger in size than its neighbors - other wooden defensive structures in Siberia. Its dimensions exceeded even Kazymsky and Lyapinsky, which were located on the middle Ob. However, this prison was not the biggest - in its parameters he aspired to Sayansk, built in the Middle Yenisei.

As chronicle records show, behind the high wooden walls the house of the clerk was located and a place was placed on which there were granaries ("barns of the Tsar") and the Church of the Three Saints. Other economic and residential buildings were located outside the prison - in the settlement, whose number in 1727 reached a record high of almost 50 households.

Umreva jail: how to get there?

From Novosibirsk-Main station you need to get to Moshkovo station by train (Moshkovsky district). From this village by bus you can get to the village of Umreva or to the village of Tashara. Getting on the bus, it's best to tell the driver about your intention to visit the prison, then he will tell you where to get out. After all, you can get to the prison in several ways:

• From Umreva it will be necessary to walk about three kilometers, inspecting the neighborhood and breathing fresh air. If there is no such desire, you can hire a car in the village and drive to the prison.
• From Novosibirsk you can get to Tashary by shuttle bus, but it's best to choose a flight traveling at 17:00, as the route is specially extended to the prison.
• You can also hire a taxi from Novosibirsk - the price for the train will be 600 - 700 rubles.
• There is another option: to go from the side of the Swamp (from the village of Oyash) through the village of Raduga and the village of Voronovo. But there are big problems with transport, so it is better not to choose this way, although it is considered the shortest.

Ostrog as an archaeological site

Umrevinskiy Ostrog (Novosibirsk region, Moshkovsky district) is an archaeological monument, which had a rather complex structure.

The structure of the prison included the following defensive structures:

• "Garlic" - was a star-shaped steel pins that were scattered on the ground, not allowing the infantry and cavalry to pass through.
• Nadolba - several rows of logs, which are buried in the ground vertically or with a bias towards the enemy. They protruded from the surface by 0.5-1.2 meters.
• Ground shaft - was a high mound, as a rule, had a number of moats with water. He acted as an obstacle for the enemy and covered the internal fortifications located near.
• The slingshot is one of the most ancient field obstacles, which was used to stop the infantry.

The buildings inside the prison were mainly for domestic purposes:

• Granaries;
• House of the clerk.

Other buildings were few in number:

• Necropolis, which appeared in the prison in the late XVIII century.
• Church of the Three Hierarchs. Unfortunately, it was not found, but in the annals it was listed.
• Posad - the territory outside the prison, to which later the city buildings were attached, and where the handicraft settlements were initially located and trades (trades) were held.
• Masonry of artillery cores.

In the end, the construction of the prison positively affected the trade relations between the local population and Russian settlers. The raids came to naught, as the bellicose tribes have tempered their ardor.

Gradually disappeared from the map of Siberia jail, but the memory of him is still alive. Novosibirsk archeology, after excavations, found the remains of pillars from narrow walls, ancient burials, as well as fragments of the foundation of one of the buildings. On it, and rebuilt two-story tower with loopholes. Looking into the future, we can assume that one day on the steep bank of the river Ob, the old prison will revive.

What else to see in Novosibirsk?

Other attractions of the Novosibirsk region, which should pay attention to:

• Barsukovskaya cave is the largest wintering place for bats. Some of their species are listed in the Red Book.
• The Belovo waterfall is located on the plain, and its source is a deep ground lake, once a coal mine. A very beautiful place where a lot of tourists come to rest.
• Botanical Garden - for decades, collections of plants from all around the Novosibirsk region gathered in it. There is a herbarium, rare seeds and more than 5 thousand representatives of the world of flora.
• The mother square is decorated with a sculpture "Mother and Child", made of gray-pink granite stone. The park is dedicated to mothers who lost their children in local wars.
• The Museum of the Sun is located in Novosibirsk and includes about 2 thousand sun exhibits.
• Museum of Happiness - contains about 1000 exhibits, which with their positive energy charge tourists.

And this is not all the sights of the Novosibirsk region. It is better to visit them and see everything with your own eyes.

Fishing

Fishing in the Umrehinsky prison is very popular. Here you can catch a perch, carp, burbot, bream, pike, chebaka, soroga and bleak. Fishermen come here often with an overnight stay, and sometimes for several hours to enjoy the process and admire the local places.