Treatises are ... St. George's treatise. Philosophical treatise

Treatises are scientific, theological or philosophical statements in which a description of a particular setting or theme is found, and there is a discussion of the problem and a logical conclusion. For a better understanding, some examples should be cited.

Proceedings of Archimedes

Scientific treatises are created by scientists. For example, Archimedes wrote many such works. How did this scientist approach physical problems? It was based on strict, though uncomplicated evidence. Thus, we can say that Archimedes is the father of mathematical physics. His works "On floating bodies", as well as "On the equilibrium of plane figures" are devoted to it. The same can be said of the great treatise on optics called Catoptrika, which, unfortunately, did not survive. The work "On the Equilibrium of Flat Figures" includes empirical information, known from Archimedes' predecessors. They touch solid bodies. The scientist described these data as postulates, in other words, axioms. Consequences, resulting in the result, Archimedes consistently proved, thus forming a theory concerning the center of gravity. The scientist also gave examples. He calculated the center of gravity for all kinds of flat objects.

Treatise on floating bodies

Specialists believe that the scientific treatise "On floating bodies" Archimedes wrote at the sunset of his activities, and some in general are sure that this is his last work. This work is presented in two volumes. In the first book, the scientist, believing that the free surface of water is spherical, consistently analyzes the problems concerning the immersion of solid objects into it, and creates his glorified law, which is still being written in school textbooks. He attaches great importance. Of course, it is considered to be the most ancient physical law. The approach to the problem in this treatise has remained the same: after conducting certain observations, the scientist creates a model of water, through which he obtains a list of consequences. He subsequently proves them. In the second volume, Archimedes, believing that the water surface is flat, demonstrates the principle of the hydrometer. What next? Then the scientist discusses the equilibrium condition for objects that resemble the paraboloid segment and are in the water. Archimedes' thinking today is of great value for shipbuilding.

The famous work of Aristotle

Aristotle was the first in history to create a philosophical treatise on the soul. What was it called? Very simply: "On the soul." In this work are presented not only the thoughts of Aristotle himself. In the beginning, there are arguments about the soul, belonging to scientists who lived and worked before, but only then personal views of the author are stated. Thus, this treatise can be considered the first in the world historiographic work affecting the field of psychology and philosophy. Impressive, is not it?

Form and matter

The psychological concept of the scientist strongly echoed his general philosophical notions concerning form and matter. You can even say that it came from them. In the understanding of the scientist, the development of the world was due to the continuous blending of the two principles - active, which Aristotle called the form, and the passive, called matter. What concerns the latter? Yes, perhaps, everything that surrounds people, and they themselves including. Every concrete material object is formed by means of a form that has the organizing ability. And it is due to her that the thing acquires qualitative certainty. Form and matter can not exist only together. These beginnings are inseparable. The soul is the form. It is available to all living things. Aristotle was convinced of this. The writing of the scientist about form and matter and about the soul belonging to all living things has a list of most interesting consequences. You need to pay special attention to them, reading a treatise on the soul. In general, you should think about every word.

What is the soul?

Aristotle believed that the soul can not be considered a state of the first matter, nor separated from the body by an independent phenomenon. What is it? The soul is a living, active principle, enclosed in a material shell, its form, but it can not be represented as an independent substance or body.

Kama Sutra is another famous treatise

Surely everyone has heard at least a little about the famous composition "Kamasutra." However, not everyone knows that there are very few genuine translations of this treatise. They can be counted on the fingers. By the way, analogous treatises - this is generally a huge rarity, and this work can be considered unique.

Work for All Seasons

In fact, Kamasutra is a monumental work that helps many researchers in the study of ancient Indian history. From this work you can understand what customs in this country reigned, what customs were typical of people, in general, you can learn a lot of new things. It should be noted that even now Kamasutra can be considered a very valuable work. Millennia pass, but the problems of love and hate, of the relationship between the sexes still occupy the minds of many people. It seems that the centuries have passed like a second, and human psychology has not changed at all. People also fall in love, have sex, suffer, kiss, dreams of dating, like thousands of years ago.

This treatise on love is written in prose, but the conclusions are presented in a poetic form - they are characterized by the classical size of the sloka.

Features of the presentation

What can you say about the style of this work? He is very condensed, minimalistic, he does not shine with colorful metaphors and lengthy arguments. This style was peculiar to sutras, sometimes you can see that it has some similarities with bhashya (the so-called ancient Indian commentary), therefore, it can not be called interesting and original. By the way, novelty and uncommonness and are not necessary conditions for the creation of any work. Tracts are not always something very original. In the text, nominative sentences are traced . In general, this work is a narrative, in which it is often possible to notice sentences with the desired inclination. What is remarkable about the vocabulary of this treatise? About it you can say only good: the terms in the text are used very accurately and do not mislead the reader, and if once a new concept was introduced and explained, then it will be used only in the case. However, in the treatise there are many words-synonyms, giving the narrative a certain beauty.

St. George's Treatise

There are also treatises in the field of politics. Strictly speaking, this is not uncommon. This includes the St. George's treatise. What is its history?

July 24, 1783, a document was signed that Irakli II, who is the king of Kakheti and Kartalin, recognizes the patronage and authority of Russia. It happened in the fortress of St. George. According to this agreement, Irakli II, the king of Georgia, recognized the patronage of our country and promised that he would not pursue foreign policy independently. And his troops from this time began to belong to Russia. As for the Empress Catherine II, she promised that the royal possessions will be preserved intact, and Georgia will be considered autonomous, but at the same time it will be protected. After the signing of the Treaty of St. George, other countries, namely, Turkey and Iran, have tempered their appetites. They stopped carnivorous glances at Eastern Georgia. Such treatises are simply a rescue for some countries.

Historical events that occurred after the signing of the treatise

After the signing of the treaty, a number of serious historical events took place. For example, PS Potemkin ordered that the Georgian Military Road be built to connect with the trustee country. By the way, she was walking along the cross pass. The road, over which 800 servicemen worked, was ready already in 1783, in the autumn. Soon the prince went to Tiflis. In order to protect the road from Ingush attacks, in 1784 a fortress was built under the name of Vladikavkaz. As for Ossetia, it has become part of our country.

In 1791, Russia demanded that Turkey cease to claim Georgia. Sooner or later this was to happen. This was presented as a condition for signing the Treaty of Yass after the war between Turkey and Russia.

Some governors of Transcaucasia positively assessed the action of Irakli II. Moreover, they decided to follow his example. In 1783 the rulers of Armenia asked protection from Russia. Soon Western Georgia did the same. It was in 1801.

This political treatise holds a special place in the history of Georgia, after all, after it was signed, it became related to Russia. It meant a lot to her. It proved to be protected not only in the cultural and political sense, but also in the most direct, physical.