The volume-spatial composition, its structure and application

The volumetric-spatial composition is a kind of attempt of a person to order the surrounding space in a certain way. This term is often found in architecture, painting, construction, landscape design. Spatial composition in architecture is formed traditionally in three ways:

• Location of volume in space;
• Mutual relation of proportions, symmetries, colors, scaling of architectural volume, its parts and details;
• Inclusion in the composition and active use of elements of landscape art, painting or sculpture.

We live in a three-dimensional space, because any object or structure is measured by its length, height and width. It is three-dimensionality that distinguishes every three-dimensional spatial composition, this is its main property. Therefore, for example, when working on a building project, as its main compositional task, its volume should be determined using different observation points.

If one of the magnitudes prevails in the composition, then it gives the composition the corresponding characteristic feature. For example, if the building is high-rise, its height and parameters prevail in its parameters and characteristics. If long - then there is a predominance of length. If the building is flat, the width parameter prevails here.

Volumetric spatial composition, depending on the parameters, is classified according to the signs of frontality, spatiality and volume.

Types of compositions

• Frontal or frontal-planar is considered such a composition, which is calculated that it will be viewed from one particular side and perceived according to static points of view. This type - the facade of the building, the central view of the house from the side of the street, the design of the individual walls of the building. With the frontal composition, all its main elements are located for viewing in two planes - width and height. The depth here does not play a special role and has a secondary meaning. But the important are the ratio of width and height, shape, silhouette of the building, vertical slope, window openings. The front composition is revealed through a variety of expressive elements: different kinds of division (projections, division of the wall into squares and other geometric figures), the union of straight and curved surfaces, color inserts, etc.
• Volumetric composition - it is designed to be viewed from all sides and perceived if you move around it. For example, an old castle or a small compact house on a separate plot, a gazebo or a fountain. These structures are an example of voluminous compositions, because The width, height and depth here are of equal importance. When designing the main task of architects is to reveal the compositional three-dimensionality. To do this, the volume is divided into several parts, which are underlined by any details: shifted shapes, grooves, etc .; Contrasting surfaces in appearance - oblique, rectangular, etc .; Matched colors and textures.
• The composition is deep-spatial. It is characteristic for her to create such forms, which give the viewers a sense of the depth of the architectural structure. Such a composite type is formed either by a closed on top and from all sides by space (for example, an interior) or by space that is limited on one side or with several (exterior). A typical deep-spatial outdoor composition is a courtyard fenced from several sides by a fence.
• Volumetric spatial composition is not only external, but also internal space. There are different types of it: hall, connected, cell, anfilade, corridor. Each has its own distinctive features and scope.

In architectural practice, a combination of several compositions is traditionally used, resulting in a mixed system.