The vaccine "Menacretra": instruction, description and reviews

The vaccine "Menaktra" is a new generation drug. Known to a few, since it was created relatively recently (about 10 years ago) by the American company Sanofi Pasteur. The medicine passed a number of tests and has significant differences from similar drugs. Has a number of bacteria that affect the formation of immune indicators of the body against the occurrence of meningitis and blood infection caused by meningococci.

Composition

The vaccine "Menaktra" prevents a number of diseases, the appearance of which is influenced by meningococci of certain serogroups. It is a slightly cloudy, transparent solution for intramuscular injection.

One dose, about 0.5 ml, includes such active components as monovalent meningococcal conjugates consisting of a combination of a polysaccharide of certain serogroup species (A, C, Y, W-135) and a carrier protein. Each single polysaccharide is conjugated to a diphtheria toxoid, the injection dosage of which is 48 μg.

Additional substances in the composition of the drug are: sodium hydrophosphate, sodium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate and special water for injection.

The drug is packed in glass bottles containing a single dose of 0.5 ml. In a cardboard box there can be one or five bottles, and also the instruction on application.

The vaccine is stored at a temperature of 2-8 ° C. It can not be frozen. She should be kept in a cool place, inaccessible to children. If the medicine has been frozen for some reason, it is not subject to further use.

Shelf life of the drug is two years from the date of manufacture, indicated on the package.

"Menakturu" produces the world-famous vaccine manufacturer "Sanofi Pastor Incorporated."

The vaccine "Menacretra": a description of the pharmacological action

As a rule, the bacterium N. Meningitidis becomes the causative agent of meningococcal diseases (for example, meningitis). A number of serotypes of this group of bacteria have been identified. The use of the vaccine "Menacretra" provokes the production of characteristic antibodies directed against the causative agent of meningococcal infection. The vaccine includes four serogroups, A, C, Y and W-135. All of them are endowed with a special bactericidal activity.

Clinical trials aimed at obtaining a result from the establishment of "Menacretra" have not been carried out, since the release of serum bactericidal antibodies (SBA) is the level of effectiveness of meningococcal vaccines.

Immunological qualities were considered in children from 2 to 10 years and persons aged 11-55 years. Immunogenicity was determined by the antibody functionality, which was detected by bactericidal serum analysis. In the age group 2-10 years, the immune response was considered before a single vaccination and after 28 days. An increase in the intermediate geometric titer (CGT) of bactericidal antibodies was revealed. In all types of serogroups in 86-100% of cases with initial undetectable titers, seroconversion was recorded, characterized as a fourfold and more increase in antibody titres after 28 days after inoculation.

The ability of "Menaktra" to affect the immunological memory after primary vaccination in children and adults is documented.

The results of the tests in persons aged 11-18 years showed the same immune response to the one-time development of the vaccine. The indicators of the SSA of the SBA on the 28th day after vaccination were much higher than the baseline. In 98-100% of cases in adolescents, with the uncertainty of the initial level of antibodies, on the 28th day there was a triple increase in the titer of the SBA to all types of serogroups in the vaccine. These facts indicate a high immunogenicity of the drug in persons of the specified age.

In adults with indeterminate antibody titers, a fourfold increase in the CBA titer to all other types of serogroups of the pathogen in the vaccine was detected in 93-100% of cases. In all tests, the immunological response was the same regardless of gender, age and race.

There are no indices of the kinetics of the initial response to the development of the vaccine, but an immune response was recorded 7-10 days after vaccination.

The duration of immune protection after the initial development of the vaccine is proved as a result of clinical trials and is equal to three years after a single injection of the drug.

Indications for use

The vaccine "Menaktra" is designed to prevent meningococcal infection. The appearance of the latter is influenced by the bacterium N. Meningitidis with serogroups such as A, C, Y and W-135, in people of very different age categories.

Contraindications to vaccination

"Menacretra" (vaccine) should not be used in case of intolerance of active and additional substances in its composition. The prohibition is infectious and non-infectious diseases, as well as the period of exacerbations of chronic diseases.

Dosage and method of vaccination

The drug "Menacretra" (vaccine) the instruction advises to enter intramuscularly, preferably in the region of the deltoid humerus muscle. Children under one year of medicine are injected into the muscle area of the hip, as in this category of patients shoulder muscles are poorly developed. Vaccination is done once in a dosage of 0.5 ml.

Before the development of the vaccine, certain safety measures must be followed to prevent undesirable consequences. The state of health in a person is analyzed, the presence of contraindications.

Vaccination is done only by a medical officer and under his supervision. The treatment room for such vaccinations should be equipped with preparations for anti-shock treatment.

In a number of cases, after the injection of the injection, fainting states were observed. The medical worker who is carrying out the vaccination should be prepared for this state of affairs and timely prevent the trauma associated with the fall, as well as provide the necessary medical care.

There are many medical documents that determine how the "Menactra" vaccine should be used. The vaccination scheme looks like this:

• Babies at the age of 9-23 months the vaccine is put in two stages. After the first inoculation, take a break for three months, and then do the second.
• For children of two years, adolescents and adults, the drug is administered intramuscularly and only once.

The drug provides reliable protection against meningococcal infection, which manifests itself after ten days from the day of vaccination. Revaccination in this case is not provided.

Interaction with other drugs

The medicine "Menaktra" (live vaccine) can be administered in combination with polysaccharide graft, which prevents the appearance of typhoid fever. It is combined with an adsorbed tetanus and diphtheria vaccine. Joint use of the above vaccinations is allowed in the age category 11-17 and 18-55 years.

It is impossible to put both the vaccine "Menacretra" and the vaccine BCG.

If two vaccinations are carried out simultaneously, then they must be done in different parts of the body. A separate syringe is used for each injection.

Pregnancy and lactemia

As a result of prolonged clinical trials, it was revealed that the vaccine "Menactra" does not adversely affect the pregnancy and fetus. The description of the drug, despite this, recommends its use in this period in the event that the potential benefit to the mother exceeds the risk for fetal development. For example, it is permissible to use it if the diseases of meningococcal infection are of a massive nature, with an epidemic or trip to an endemic area.

The ability of the active components of this vaccine to penetrate the breast milk of a nursing woman has not been studied. In the early trials of such vaccines, antibodies to polysaccharides were detected in young mice, which the mother was still feeding. This fact did not affect the development of offspring. Such studies in humans have not been conducted.

Before you vaccinate a woman during lactation, you must carefully weigh all the risks and evaluate the possible benefits of vaccination.

Mentactra vaccine: side effects

After vaccination with this drug, many patients were disturbed by various negative reactions. Symptomatic varied according to age.

Thus, in persons between two to ten years of age, soreness, densification, swelling and redness of the injection zone were noted. Children after vaccination were erupt, there was drowsiness. In some cases, there was anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting and fever. The rash and hives troubled the kids. There were manifestations in the form of arthralgia.

In adolescents 11-18 years old and adults aged 18-55 years, soreness and denseness appeared in the area of grafting. Disturbed headaches, diarrhea, vomiting. There was increased fatigue. Decreased appetite. There was a rash, arthralgia. There was a chill, a general ailment, a fever.

There were various reactions of hypersensitivity. Guillain-Barre syndrome was detected, partial memory loss, convulsions, facial paralysis, paresthesia, transverse myelitis, dizziness, disseminated encephalomyelitis in acute form, myalgia.

The vaccine for meningococcal infection "Menacrete" can cause a number of ailments, but all of them pass in a mild form and disappear within a week after vaccination.

special instructions

A meningitis meningitis vaccine is recommended for people at increased risk of contracting meningococcal infection. These are people who have had direct contact with patients infected with meningococci. People who have a deficiency of the proverin, as well as complement components, should make this vaccine. The vaccine is simply vital for citizens with aspiration. It is also put to people traveling to hyperendemic areas and laboratory staff who regularly conduct various studies on the effects of N. Meningitidis bacteria. Doctors are advised to do this inoculation for students living in the hostel and draftees.

The drug should not be injected into a vein, intra- or subcutaneously. Data on the possible consequences of such a drug installation are not available.

It is forbidden to combine this vaccine in one syringe with other medicines.

The effect of vaccination on patients with thrombocytopenia or people with coagulation disorders was not studied. There is a risk of bleeding when administered intramuscularly. In the case of vaccination, such persons should weigh the potential risk and benefit.

A similar picture is observed with Guillain-Barre syndrome. There were cases of progression of the disease after the introduction of the vaccine. Therefore, before vaccination, persons suffering from Guillain-Barre syndrome should carefully evaluate all possible risks.

The drug does not prevent meningitis, provoked by other microorganisms and bacteria, as well as diseases caused by meningococcal serogroup B.

In people with weakened immunities and in persons with immunosuppressive treatment, there is often a decreased immune response to the formation of the "Menacra" vaccine. Protective immune response can not be produced in all patients equally by 100%.

Before the forthcoming vaccination, the health worker or the attending physician should inform the patients about the harm or benefit from the vaccination, as well as about possible side effects.

Reviews about vaccination

It is distinguished by high chemical purity, determines the persistent and long-lasting immune defense and multivalence of "Menacrete" (vaccine). Reviews about this vaccination are mostly positive.

Many mothers put the vaccine to their children both at an early age and later. They say that it is well tolerated and rarely causes negative reactions. Some babies in the first days after inoculation showed an increase in body temperature from 37.2 to 40 ° C. Disturbed by excessive irritability, decreased appetite. Doctors in response to the excitement of moms on this occasion said that this is the norm, and this is how the immune response to the introduced vaccine should be formed. Fortunately, such events were of a short duration, and my mothers soon ceased to worry about her child's condition.

Also, doctors advise to give "Fenistil" or other preparations for an allergy before the vaccination. Adult people usually tolerate it well, without negative consequences.

Some people do not understand why such vaccinations should be done without a doctor's prescription. It is noted that those who live in Russia, it is unlikely to be useful, since most people who fell ill with meningitis, acquired this disease not because of meningococcal serogroups A, C, Y, W-135, but because of the ailments. They say that the most severe form of meningitis is caused by meningococcal serogroup B, and from it for today there is no vaccine.

Despite disagreements, many people put the vaccine "Menacra" to themselves and their children. Negative consequences from it develop extremely rarely, but it protects a person from meningococcal infections throughout life. This fact is confirmed by thousands of people rescued all over the world.