Household services are ... Definition, classification, types and features

Provision of personal services is one of the types of entrepreneurial activity, taxed on imputed income. In 2017 the composition of household services was changed by the Government of the Russian Federation, new codes were introduced.

The article will consider in detail what is meant by the term household services and what features characterize the industry.

General principles

Household services are paid assistance to individuals and legal entities for cash or non-cash payment. The list of services is regulated by a special Classifier. It determines whether household services offered by a particular company fall under the UTII. In the Classifier all existing service types of assistance to the population with the codes are registered.

Household services - these are activities that help restore the functional properties of products or make new items. These include the transportation of passengers and cargo, as well as the provision of demand conditions. Here are housing and communal, transport assistance and public catering.

Consumer services are included in the sphere of production and non-production services, it is carried out with the help of socially supported methods and has forms for realizing the material and moral demands of consumers.

Previously, household services existed in the form of handicraft workshops. Then they united into a separate branch of the national economy and now have their industrial and technical base with industrial enterprises and various domestic combines. The nature of consumer services is becoming more universal, types and types of services specialize.

The role of the industry and its features

Nowadays, household services are an integral part of the market, without which people often can not do without. More and more people and organizations do not want to solve their own problems, and they turn to trained specialists for help. The time passed when unskilled employees worked, they are replaced by professionals in their fields.

The total value of the Russian service market is 400-500 million dollars.

Russian household services are a peculiar market in comparison with the European one. If the West is popular with small business and the family form of the organization, then in Russia, cooperative ways of device are gaining momentum.

Another peculiarity of the Russian consumer services market is that non-core businesses are actively developing in order to survive in market conditions, which leads to the reorientation of organizations.

The top positions in the market of service assistance belong to Moscow and Moscow region.

Directions of development

The multiplying demand for social services contributes to the improvement of the activity of service enterprises. Moreover, both organizations and private individuals use service help. The increase in demand is due to people's desire to improve the quality of life and save their time. Service is requested by the most prosperous citizens.

The demand for service assistance is uneven. To maintain the market, organizations are developing new business solutions and implementing other ways of doing business. This type of business is considered one of the most difficult, because it has low profitability. In order to increase it, companies diversify their business and expand into the regions.

Diversification consists in expanding the range of services performed. For example, companies working in the field of cleaning, offer customers additional help:

• Delivery of clean water;
• Landscape design;
• Public catering, organized at remote locations.

Experts believe that the most successful forms of conducting this business are concomitant and network. With the accompanying form of service is an additional form of the company. With network forms, organizations create a network of their own firms to provide household services. In this case, branches are opened or franchising is used.

Problems of the industry

The main difficulty of the Russian market of personal services is the low profitability of this type of business. It is no more than 10%.

Low profitability is explained by long payback periods of projects. For example, when organizing a laundry, the cost of its technical equipment is at least $ 3 million, and the payback period is up to 70 years.

Solve the problem can be associated and network forms of business organization. They are the most effective models of doing business in our day.

In addition to profitability, the industry's problems are:

• Poor quality of the provided social services due to outdated equipment, insufficient qualification of employees, low wages;
• A large number of inspections from state bodies interfering with the activities of enterprises;
• Tough competition.

Ways to solve problems

To solve problems, experts advise:

1. Improve the system of lending to enterprises that provide social services.
2. Provide organizations with tax and leasing incentives.
3. Improve regulatory regulation of the industry.

For the full development of the industry, state support of the social sphere is important.

Multiservice enterprises

To effectively work in the service sector and solve many problems in this direction, enterprises organize their activities by the type of multiservice. This form of organization provides the possibility of requesting a service in one place and popularizing it with the public.

For the work of such enterprises it is important to find suitable premises in those places where a large number of people live. Some organizations continue to work in small basements, which, of course, does not increase the demand for their assistance. It is important for state structures and authorities to provide multiservice companies access to the main pedestrian streets, as well as to provide a simplified procedure for advertising their activities.

Classification

Household services to the population are classified according to the following criteria:

1. By types of work performed (laundry, hairdresser, ritual).
2. By the availability of business entities (on their own or with the involvement of employees).
3. By the degree of significance of the technologies involved (direct services of enterprises or additionally offered).
4. On socio-economic content (services that save time and labor, as well as consumer funds).
5. By material content (material and non-material).
6. On labor costs (a service that requires or does not require the involvement of highly skilled workers).
7. On the given place (the help is given in the centers of personal services or behind their limits).
8. By execution time (urgent, non-urgent).
9. By regularity (systematic, periodic, episodic).

Nuances of organization of activities of enterprises

To ensure the effective operation of the centers of public services, a competent personnel policy is very important. The main issues to be addressed in this direction:

• Selection and training of qualified employees at various levels;
• Attestation of employees;
• Raising the qualification level of specialists;
• Orientation of employees to the responsible performance of their labor;
• Implementation of technical assistance to enterprises.

Thus, the current stage in the development of the market for consumer services requires the development of methods for regulating this industry.