Diesel VAZ: specifications and reviews

One of the significant omissions of the Russian automotive industry is the lack of a mass passenger diesel. Therefore, local producers have to use foreign analogs. The development of such engines began only in the second half of the last century, and the mass version still did not appear. Further, diesel engines are considered in VAZ cars.

Prerequisites

The first experimental diesel passenger cars appeared in Europe in the 30s. The last century. In the USSR, this happened much later for several reasons.

First, such power units are more difficult to manufacture in comparison with gasoline analogues.

Secondly, diesels of that time considerably lagged behind them on productivity.

Thirdly, the engines on diesel fuel had pronounced negative performance characteristics: high noise level, cold start problems, low environmental compatibility.

Fourth, in those days gasoline was very cheap, so even some heavy equipment was equipped with gasoline engines. For these reasons, diesel engines were mainly used on heavy vehicles, where they were more relevant than gasoline engines, due to the rigidity.

One of the first Soviet cars that received a diesel engine, was GAZ-21, and then its export analog: in the 60's. In Belgium the car was equipped with several variants of atmospheric engines of foreign manufacture.

In the 70-ies. The active distribution of diesel engines on machines of small and middle classes began. The main reason for this was the energy crisis of 1973. The passenger cars on diesel fuel had developed significantly by that time. They outperformed gasoline analogues in economy and durability in 1,5-2 times, due to the greater strength of the parts. Productivity is also improved by using turbines.

The first VAZ diesel

At the Volga Automobile Plant, the development of diesel engines for passenger cars began in the 80s. The designers decided to build a motor with the use of gasoline-powered parts tested on the project 2108. They faced the problem of the lack of fuel equipment for passenger diesels.

As a result, on the basis of block 2103, an atmospheric power unit VAZ-341 with a volume of 1.45 liters and capacity of 55 liters was built. from. It differs from the pre-chamber design, implying a mixture formation not in the zone of the piston, but in a separate chamber. Electronics was missing. The distribution of fuel along the cylinders was carried out by a high-pressure fuel pump. By design, the diesel VAZ is similar to the engines of Ford and Volkswagen early 80's. It is mentioned that the engine of the latter was taken as a model during development.

By results of tests it was confirmed that it is inadmissible to use standard "petrol" spare parts. Diesel VAZ, like other motors of this type, is characterized by high loads due to a greater degree of compression. In view of this, many elements lacked strength, especially the crank mechanism and the piston group. The situation was aggravated by the low precision of manufacturing.

On the basis of this, in 1984 it was decided to create a diesel engine with a volume of 1.7 liters based on VAZ-2106 using elements 21083.

In 1986, a turbo version of the 3411 with a capacity of 65 liters was built. from. And 114 Nm and released two equipped with them "Niva" with index 21215. However, soon they were out of order.

And yet, the VAZ-2105 with the 341-m engine, which received the index 21055, passed state tests in 1986-1988. However, despite the unification of the engine with the gasoline, the car was not launched into production. This was due to many reasons. One of the main ones is the lack of state financial support.

A series of diesel engines

The next time for the development of diesel engines VAZ took in 1996 together with BarnaulTransMash. The terms of cooperation assumed that the second enterprise would produce power units for the development of the VAZ. A family of three engines was created.

The initial was the 341th engine, increased to 1.52 liters of volume. The more efficient engine 343 had a volume of 1.8 liters. The most powerful option is the same diesel VAZ, equipped with an IHI turbine, with an index of 3431. The engines received fuel equipment from Bosch.

In accordance with this, a range of diesel modifications of standard models was developed. Such engines were planned to be used on utilitarian machines. So, versatile persons 21045 and 21048 planned to equip with naturally aspirated variants 341 and 343 accordingly. On the "Niva" 21215-50 and 21215-70 it was planned to install 1.8 liters of atmospheric and turbine engines, respectively, on the VAZ-21315 - only 3431.

By 2000, the Barnaul plant had mastered the production of these diesel engines, and as part of the pilot plant production, a diesel engine was installed on the VAZ-2104 and 2105. These cars were produced in small batches.

Despite the low performance, the motor approached the machines. At modest rates of the petrol power unit decrease in dynamics was not especially significant for such models, but economy has noticeably increased. At the same motor had the same problems as the first 341 diesel VAZ: due to the low mechanical strength of the piston group, it proved to be very short-lived. The engine resource was 30-40 thousand km. Upon reaching such a run, a major overhaul of the VAZ diesel engine was required, consisting in replacing the cylinder block with the piston group.

Over time, many technological problems were solved, as a result of which the longevity of the engines increased. However, in 2003 the VAZ-21045 was removed from production. The remaining 500 VAZ-341 engines were installed on sedans that received the index 21055. In just 3 years, about 6,000 diesel engines were produced.

Causes of failure

Mass production of diesel cars could not be adjusted for several reasons. The main one is the unprofitability of the output of such engines in view of the considerably outdated design. The engines had the same prechamber scheme as the first 341th prototype, and lagged far behind the modern analogues in performance and environmental friendliness. To achieve acceptable indicators, it was necessary to create a motor of a different design. Independent development was considered unprofitable, and technical partners were not found for this. In addition, VAZ products sold well and without diesel.

Borrowed engines

Since there was no own passenger mass diesel, VAZ repeatedly borrowed third-party engines.

So, in 1981, the possibility of converting a gasoline engine VAZ-2121 into a diesel engine with the participation of Porche was considered.

From 1987 to 1990, the manufacturer, together with the German importer Deutsche Lada, developed a plan to create an export version of the Niva with a power unit Volkswagen. However, this company refused to adapt its 1.9-liter engine to the Niva platform.

In 1993, it was possible to establish cooperation in the same way with Peugeot. By order of the French importer Jean So far, the manufacturer has adapted a 1.9 l XUD-9L motor for installation on the VAZ-2121. Lada-Export was engaged in the manufacture of cars. There were supplied the usual "Fields", and the standard motor was replaced with French. In total, about 6,000 such cars were produced for France, Spain, Italy and other European markets.

In addition, in Italy, "Martorelli" equip "Niva" with the engines VM and FNM.

However, with the introduction of environmental standards Euro-2 small-scale production of diesel "Niv" completed.

In 1998, together with Peugeot and Martorelli, VAZ tried to establish the production of Niv with the Peugeot XUD-9SD engine. However, the work also had to be stopped because of the introduction of the Euro-3 standards.

In addition, from 1995 to 1997, the PSA TDU5 engine from Peugeot 106 and Citroen Saxo with third-party attachments and original fastening was equipped with Samara for the markets of France and the Benelux countries.

Recent experiments

In 2007 on Chevrolet Niva under individual orders "Theme Plus" installed the motor FNM.

In 2014, Lada 4x4 was experimented with 1.3 liters of 75 liters. from. The Fiat Multijet. At the same time, it was not compatible with the transmission due to the torque limitation, nor with the analog wiring scheme due to the CAN bus.

Super-auto explored the possibility of installing on the "Lada" 4x4 1.5 liters of diesel from Renault Duster by 2015. In addition, an experimental car with a 100-horsepower 1.8-liter engine was created.

Construction of diesels

The initial power unit of the series was created by modernizing the first 341st VAZ engine: the diesel engine was increased by 4 mm stroke of the piston (84 mm). Due to this, the volume increased from 1.45 to 1.52 liters. The cylinder head is made of aluminum, the guide bushings, the valve seats are made of alloyed cast iron, the insertion of the combustion chambers is made of a heat-resistant alloy. The gas distributing mechanism was borrowed from VAZ-2108. The working surface of the valves was strengthened by electro-remelting. Crankshaft - from 2103 with increased rigidity tolerances for the spread of moves. Increased the rigidity of the design of the casting 2103. The glow plugs were installed. The motor was equipped with a 1.7 kW (1.9 VAZ-21055) starter motor. This required a battery of high capacity (60 or 65 A. h). In addition, a Bosch fuel pump and a vacuum pump are installed to create a vacuum in the brake booster.

There was a deformed modification 3413, intended for a small-size tractor and electric generator drive. From the usual 341-th motor it differs by limiting the maximum speed by 3000 instead of 4800.

The 1.8-liter engines were created by increasing the diameter of the cylinder from 76 to 82 mm.

There are turbocharged variants of 1.45 liters of 341 engines (3411) and VAZ-343 (3431 with IHI turbine)

Specifications

As noted above, due to the outdated design of the VAZ-341 has a low performance in comparison with the analogues of those times. Its capacity is 54 liters. from. At 4600 rpm, the torque - 92 Nm at 2300 rpm. That is, even according to the second indicator, it is inferior to the gasoline engine (103 Nm at VAZ-21043). A great low-speed thrust is provided by another performance schedule and a reduced gear ratio.

Version 3413 is deferred to 32 liters. from. At 3000 rpm.

Naturally, 1.8 liter VAZ diesel is more productive: the technical specifications are 65 liters. from. At 4600 rpm and 114 Nm at 2500 rpm.

The turbo version develops 80 liters. from. At 4600 rpm and 147 Nm at 2500 rpm.

Diesel cars

Installation of the diesel engine at the VAZ-2104 was carried out in the Office of operation and repair of VAZ vehicles. Experimental production began in 1998, releasing a batch of 50 cars with a 341-m diesel engine (21045).

Later, a car with a 343-m engine (21048) started testing and its refinement (the resource was attempted to increase to 150,000 km). It was planned to establish production by 2005, but this was not possible.

VAZ-21315 was prepared for release in 2002, but also not launched.

Features

Diesel station wagon differs in some design features from the petrol VAZ-2104. Diesel in view of the greater weight required to install reinforced springs of the front suspension. The main pair was replaced with 4.1 by 3.9. To compensate for the increased noise level from the diesel engine, additional noise insulation (on the bonnet cover and crankcase protection) was installed in the engine compartment. The exhaust pipe was looped to avoid contamination of the soot with the right lamp. On the dashboard appeared an indicator of heating glow plugs and a button for heating the fuel filter (with no indicator of its inclusion).

Reviews

Soon after the appearance of journalists, "Behind the wheel" experienced station wagon diesel. Feedback indicates a more confident engine performance at low revs. So, even you can start from the 5th gear, and from 30 km / h, even thrust begins. At fast driving, on the contrary, it is necessary to switch considerably more often, than on the petrol car, because of the shortened main pair. However, in any case, the dynamics of the diesel car is much behind. Only at low speed there is a slight advantage.

In the acceleration to 100 km / h, the gasoline VAZ-2104 is faster by 8 s. In addition, the diesel car yields at a top speed of 13 km / h. At acceleration from a course from 20 to 90 km / h the separation is less (about 3 s). In addition, according to the reviews of the publication "Autoreview", the diesel engine slows down the reaction to the gas pedal.

As for the increased noise level, which is usually characterized by such a motor, the diesel VAZ is noticeably louder at idle (by 6-8 dB (A)). With the increase in speed, the difference is reduced by 1-3 dB (A), then disappears.

As a result of the tests, journalists received a 10% difference in average fuel consumption in mixed conditions. However, the financial benefit from using a diesel engine taking into account the prices of motor fuel at the time of testing was 36%. Journalists calculated that a large $ 1300 cost car paid for 180 thousand miles.

According to the testing of VAZ-21048, it turned out to be much more balanced and, thanks to greater tyagovosti, allowed to switch much less often.

With the same motor well manifested itself, "Niva", especially off-road.

The VAZ-3411 turned out to be similar in character to the engine of the 2121. Like the gasoline engine, it performs better at high revs. With this at low revs, the thrust is lower, even than the VAZ-21213, that is, a pronounced turbojam.

Performance

Due to the heavier engine, the curb weight of VAZ-21045 increased to 1.06 tons (by 40 kg compared to 21043), the full weight to 1,515. According to the manufacturer, acceleration to 100 km / h takes 23 seconds (6 seconds more), maximum speed - 125 km / h (less than 18 km / h). The fuel consumption is 5.2 liters at 90 km / h, 7.5 liters at 120 km / h and 6.2 liters in urban conditions (7, 9.9, 9.8 liters at 21043, respectively).

The car with the 343-m engine is closer in dynamics to the petrol station wagon. The 1.8-liter diesel provides acceleration to 100 km / h in 19 seconds and a top speed of 133 km / h.

Acceleration VAZ-21215-50 to 100 km / h takes 25 seconds, the maximum speed is 127 km / h against 19 s and 137 km / h in 21213.

VAZ-21215-70 on the dynamics of acceleration is equal to the gasoline "Niva" and lags behind at a maximum speed of 7 km / h.