The difference in pressure between the upper and lower pressure. What to do if high low pressure and high upper

The formation of the tone of blood vessels is affected by several factors. First of all, it is formed by internal pressure on the walls. The second factor is the external-vascular neural regulation. Together, these processes are combined in the notion of blood pressure. For healthy people, there is an official standard - 120/80. But in fact, values are not static. These indicators are plastic and slightly change every second.

Blood pressure upper and lower

The first indicator reflects the intensity of the blood pressure on the vascular walls in the process of contracting the heart. In this case, they speak of an upper or systolic pressure. It shows how the heart muscle contracts. The formation of systolic pressure occurs with the participation of large vessels, such as, for example, the aorta. Normal values are in the range of 120-130 mm. The indicators depend on several factors: the dilatability of the vascular walls, the shock volume in the left ventricle, the maximum rate of expulsion.

Diastolic (lower) pressure is determined when the cardiac muscle relaxes. Normal values are also set for it - from 80 to 85 mm. The diastolic pressure reflects the resistance that the blood passes through the blood vessels. Its formation occurs at the time of closure of the aortic valve. At this time, blood can not flow back to the heart, but it, in turn, is filled with blood enriched with oxygen, for the subsequent reduction.

The mathematical difference between the upper and lower pressures is called the "pulse index". Normally, the level is in the range of 30-40 mm. However, specialists pay attention to the fact that the general condition of a person is of great importance. Regardless of the numbers, everyone can have individual pressure.

Working blood pressure

This term is used by cardiologists to designate such indicators with which a person feels normally. It is not necessarily a traditional and generally accepted norm. With a blood pressure of 120 to 80 people are called "normotonics." Those who have all the time noted the value within 140/90, are considered hypertensive patients. At the same time people feel good. If the indicators are within ninety to sixty, then this condition is defined as hypotension. But for some people, such indicators are considered the norm. The value of upper and lower pressure, deviating from the classical one, is not always a sign of any pathologies. So, for example, athletes who have stopped intensive workloads are experiencing working hypotension. At the same time, such a general state of health of these people is quite satisfactory.

Do I need to correct deviations?

What pressure the upper and lower will become normal for a person, largely depends on the image of his life, the presence or absence of bad habits, diet, stress. In practice, there are cases of stabilization of indications to normal without medication. It was enough to eliminate the errors in the diet, change the activity.

It should be said that modern physicians deviate from the application of the "pharmacological adjustment" of the blood pressure level to the old standards. Doctors recognize, and it is proved by numerous observations that a person can perfectly feel himself with deviations in figures from standards. Thus, older people are characterized by overestimated pressure. However, the values are generally static, which does not have a significant negative impact on the condition of people aged. In this case, according to doctors, taking antihypertensive drugs is unjustified and inappropriate. Based on the experience of the past years, specialists come to the conclusion that the forced change in tone contributes only to the loosening of the cardiovascular system.

What can AD tell you about?

An important role in assessing the general condition of the patient is played by the pulse pressure difference. Between the upper and lower pressure should be a figure between 40-50. This indicator is considered optimal. However, a wider range is allowed - from 30 to 50. The pulse rate may be small. High low pressure and high upper testify to overloads of the heart. In this case, rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) is noted. This indicates that the body is working on wear and tear. A large difference in pressure indicates, on the contrary, slowed heart activity. Bradycardia, which develops in this state, provokes hypoxia of tissues and the central nervous system. In other words, with a pulse index of more than 50 during the transfer of blood, the heart muscle is greatly strained. This can lead to its rapid deterioration.

If there is another difference in pressure (between the upper and lower pressure is less than 30), this indicates weakness of the muscle. In this regard, the tissues are not supplied with enough oxygen. Hypoxia primarily affects the brain: the patients have fainting, nausea, dizziness.

It should be noted that in the process of measuring pressure, some devices (electronic in particular) can give errors. Specialists recommend (for accuracy) use mechanical tonometers. The indicators are removed first from one then from the second hand. There is an allowable pressure difference. Between the upper and lower pressure the difference in the indicators on one and the second hand should not be more than ten units.

Some rules for measuring blood pressure

Half an hour before the procedure, you must give up eating, smoking, and physical exertion. It is also necessary to exclude temperature fluctuations. Immediately before the measurements you need to relax, a few minutes to sit still. The patient should be in a sitting position, and his back should have a support. This is due to the fact that any load is accompanied by an immediate increase in blood pressure.

In the horizontal position, the hand is placed along the body, while it should be slightly raised up to the line of the middle of the chest (you can put something, a pillow for example). It is not recommended to talk and make sudden movements in the measurement process.

The reasons for the difference in pressure

Between the upper and lower pressure, the differences, as already mentioned above, may be insignificant, but may be significant. And in both cases it adversely affects the condition of a person. Minor deviations in figures are most often the result of a disturbance in the emotional background. High low pressure and high upper indicate insufficient vascular elasticity, myocardium expansion, atherosclerosis, which, in turn, provokes quite a lot of negative consequences. With an increase in the pulse index, there is always a decrease in perfusion cerebral pressure. So called the force responsible for pushing blood through the vessels of the brain. This condition, in turn, causes hypoxia.

Symptoms with BP changes

A significant difference in pressure (between upper and lower pressure deviation from 50 units) is considered by specialists to be a rather dangerous symptom. In particular, it can indicate a possible stroke or heart attack. With hypotension, as a rule, there is drowsiness, tremor, fainting. In patients, dizziness becomes frequent.

In this case, increased pulse rates can indicate the presence of tuberculosis, lesions of the digestive and bile excretory systems. In addition, such abnormalities may indicate an increase in intracranial pressure (HP), cardiac blockade, anemia. Patients have anxiety, endocarditis develops. In addition, the conditions are accompanied by an increase in rigidity in large arteries. In some cases, a slight pressure difference (between the upper and lower pressure is less than thirty units) indicates arterial stenosis. Vibrations of the indicators often accompany pregnancy.

Hypotension and hypertension

Both are bad. Often in patients with reduced blood pressure, the same symptoms appear as with high BP. In particular, there is flashing of flies or sparks before the eyes, headaches and dizziness, chest pains. In some cases, nausea may occur, vomiting, and weakness.

Lack of necessary and timely assistance can lead to serious consequences. For example, with high blood pressure, the risk of hypertensive crisis is high , which can provoke vascular ruptures, cerebral disorders, even paralysis.

In hypotension, atrophic brain damage, cardiac arrest, visual impairment are likely. The greatest danger in this case is the developing resistance of the body to the introduction of cardiotonic. An attack of a sharp decrease or increase in blood pressure can occur suddenly. A person often loses consciousness. In this case, emergency assistance is needed.

How to calculate the ratio of blood pressure?

There are no ideal indicators in medicine. But there is a formula with which you can calculate the optimal ratio. The lower blood pressure is multiplied by eleven, then divided by the diastolic index. If a figure close to seven is obtained, then it is considered that the level is optimal for the human condition. These calculations can be applied from the age of twenty years.

Experts remind that any, even the smallest, difference between pressure can indicate violations in the body. In particular, this applies to people whose age is more than forty years. In this regard, in order to avoid dangerous consequences, one should not postpone visiting a cardiologist for a long time.

Factors affecting blood pressure

Indicators can be affected by virtually all aspects of life. This includes diet and exercise, psycho-emotional background, bad habits, exhaustion, taking medications. Observing simple norms of nutrition, controlling the concentration of cholesterol, taking vitamins, avoiding stressful situations, a person can maintain the normal state of the heart and blood vessels.