The commune is a united collective

The Commune is a collective of people united to live together on the basis of community of property and labor. Created in a one-time impulse of people, this community is trying to become an example for the state as a whole, showing its ideal variant in a reduced format.

The Paris Commune is an attempt to change France

The first communes were organized in the 19th century. But the most successful attempt to change the world for the better tried to implement the Paris Commune. Its existence was not long, it lasted only 2 months: from March 18 to May 18, 1871. This community was called the "revolutionary government of the workers" or "the state for the equal", as history testifies. The Paris Commune was created with the aim of creating equal conditions for all residents of the French capital, which would greatly facilitate the existence of the working class and restore justice.

Especially clearly the principle of equality in all is seen in the Russian communes, which appeared immediately in the post-revolutionary period. These organizations represented the labor cells of the renewed Soviet society, in which relations were built on the warmth of inner communication. An example for this was a good family, and at the heart lay love, able to heal most of the spiritual sores. The Commune is a haven providing a psychologically comfortable life and caring for all who needed it and was ready to live up to the established rules of community.

Unlike public cells of past times, modern communes are guided by slightly different principles, acting as fighters against the existing system and propagating anarchy.

Children's commune - school of life for street children

At the beginning of the 20th century, with the aim of building an updated Soviet collective, children's communes began to be created, representing educational institutions for combating child abandonment. As a vivid example, which was a social experiment, the Children's Commune named after Dzerzhinsky stands out, the Koloniya im. Gorky, as well as the Bolshevo commune, who took under their roof a large number of children left without parents after the last wars (World War I and Civil War). The total number of young vagrants in 1922 was approximately 7 million people.

In children's communes, where work and study were compulsory for all, life was built on the principle of self-organization and self-government, which established norms of behavior and controlled their implementation.

Uneven-aged detachments of 7-15 men were created, which enabled older children to teach younger children, which ensured the connection of generations. Each squad had its place in the dining room and bedroom, and the commanders once a week gathered to solve organizational and economic issues. The principles developed in the colony forever pulled children from the schooling nomadic environment into which they were thrown by the horrors of homelessness.

Anton Makarenko: methods of education

Anton Makarenko - a well-known teacher and writer, who led the colony them. Gorky - in the educational process often used the so-called explosion method, invented and successfully tested by himself. The essence of it was a strong one-time impact on a person brought to the extreme point of the conflict, with the aim of making crucial changes inside himself: to be a member of society or to leave it. After all, the created collective meant the restructuring of people falling into it in accordance with its own principles: respect for oneself and others, trust, constant study and productive work.

The children's commune used the method of explosion when attracting new children. To the homeless on the street were the detachments of the Communards, who invited them to go to live and work. And the answer was to be given immediately, on the spot. If the homeless child agreed, then he went to the commune with a detachment of dressed children, with an orchestra and banner. Thus there was a ceremony of acceptance, the purpose of which was to shock, surprise, make an unforgettable impression. In the commune new members were fed, washed, dressed in clean clothes, the old one was immediately burned, which meant farewell to the past. To run away from such a beautiful life did not want anyone, but to remain in it, it was required to learn and work. The criminal incomes of the pupils were directed in the right direction, uniting the collective with such risky enterprises as the organization of detachments to combat brewing and illegal logging.

Principles of life in the commune

In the commune strict rules and strict discipline were adopted, close to the military one and being the same for everyone: from teachers to pupils. The slightest deviations from the rules were subjected to careful analysis. The aesthetic side of life was also attached great importance: cleanliness, order should have been in everything from the bed to the territory on which the commune was located. This disciplined the pupils and accustomed them to a careful attitude to the world around them.

Of course, a change in habits occurred over a long period. It was impossible to wait for miracles from former alcoholics, thieves, drug addicts. Educators, knowing this, have established a mutual guarantee: one for all, all for one. Former homeless children, who wanted to change their lives and take the right path, established for themselves and others three basic rules:

1. If you want - live, do not want to - go away!
2. I decided to live in the commune - study and work!
3. Everyone is responsible for everyone.

For the most unorganized pupils, there was a collective form of public shame, but the main method of influencing those who did not want to work was to publicly publicize them as "disabled people". Sachkovavshih, oddly enough, put in better conditions. For the truants, hooligans and loafers, the 11th list was organized. At the absence of work at the lunch break in front of everyone, the table for which they were supposed to sit was covered with a black tablecloth and served with all the best that the dining room could offer. Around-the-clock orchestra played the "Chizhik", and the resolution of the general meeting was read that "keep such persons on list No. 11 5 days". The ritual, lasting for several minutes, evoked general fun and set the embarrassed past trespassers to nothing. In this way, a radical breakdown of consciousness and a revision of the attitudes of pupils to work were carried out.

Commune is the factory of the best

The existence of the commune paid not only its needs and needs, but also benefited the state. In the Dzerzhinsky commune, the first electric power tools factory was established in the Soviet Union, and a little later the camera factory, which brought the country's annual profit to about 5 million rubles. Also, the positive side was the mastering of complex professions by the Communards.

Well-educated and well-educated people who have become worthy citizens of their country - it is these from their walls that the pupils of the commune released. These are hundreds of people who at some stage were lucky enough to change their lives in time for the better, thanks to competent teachers, a friendly team and, of course, to themselves.