The climate of Mongolia. Geographical location and interesting facts

Mongolia is an amazing country, striking tourists with its uniqueness and originality. Located in Central Asia, this country borders only on Russia and China and has no access to the sea. Therefore, the climate of Mongolia is sharply continental. And Ulaanbaatar is considered the coldest capital of the world. But all the same, Mongolia is popular among tourists all over the world.

General information

Mongolia still keeps its traditions, it managed to carry its cultural heritage through the centuries. The Great Mongol Empire had a huge impact on world history, the famous leader Genghis Khan was born in the territory of this particular country.

Today the unique place of the planet attracts first of all those who want to relax from the noise of megacities and habitual resorts and immerse themselves in a special world of pristine natural beauty. The geographical location of Mongolia, the population, climate, plants, animals - all this is unusual and unique. High mountains, boundless steppes, a blue sky, a unique world of flora and fauna can not but attract tourists from all over the world to this country.

Geographical position

Mongolia, the relief and climate of which are naturally interconnected, unites on its territory the Gobi desert and such mountain ranges as the Gobi and Mongolian Altai, Khangai. Thus, on the territory of Mongolia there are both high mountains and vast plains.

The country is located on average at an altitude of 1580 meters above sea level. Mongolia is located in Central Asia, has no access to the sea, it shares borders with Russia and China. The area of the country is 1 566 000 sq. M. Km. The largest rivers flowing in Mongolia are Selenga, Kerulen, Khalkhin-Gol and others. The capital of the state - Ulan Bator - has a long and interesting history.

Population of the country

To date, about 3 million people live in the country. The population density is about 1.8 people per square meter. Of the territory. The population is distributed unevenly, in the capital the population density is very high, but the southern regions and desert territories are inhabited less.

The ethnic composition of the population is very diverse:

• 82% are Mongols;
• 4% - Kazakhs;
• 2% - Buryats and other nationalities.

There are also Russians and Chinese in the country. Among religions, Buddhism is predominant here. In addition, a small percentage of the population professes Islam, there are many adherents of Christianity.

Mongolia: the climate and its features

This place is called "the country of the blue sky", since most of the year it is sunny. Situated in a temperate climatic zone, Mongolia's climate is sharply continental. This means that it is characterized by sharp temperature changes and a small amount of precipitation.

Cold, but almost snowless winter in Mongolia (the temperature can drop to -45 ° C) is replaced in the spring with its strong gusts of wind, sometimes reaching the hurricane, and then warm and sunny in the summer. This country often becomes a place of occurrence of sandstorms.

If we describe the climate of Mongolia briefly, it is enough to mention the large temperature fluctuations even within a day. Here the harsh winter, hot summer and increased dry air. The coldest month is January, the warmest month is June.

Why such a climate in Mongolia

Sharp temperature changes, dry air and a lot of sunny days make this place special. One can draw a conclusion about what causes the sharp continental climate of Mongolia:

• Remoteness from the seas;
• The obstacle to the arrival of moist air currents from the oceans is the mountain ranges that surround the country;
• Formation of high pressure in combination with low temperature in winter.

Such sharp temperature fluctuations and low precipitation make this country special. Acquaintance with the causes of the sharp continental climate of Mongolia will help to better understand the relationship between the relief, geographical location and climate of this country.

Seasons

It is best to come to Mongolia from May to September. Despite the fact that there are many sunny days, the amplitude of temperatures is very high by the seasons. The climate of Mongolia by months has very characteristic features.

• Winter here is usually sunny, cold, it is possible to lower temperatures to -45-50˚С. Winter cold begins in November and lasts until March. A large amount of precipitation is not observed: snowfalls are infrequent. January is the coldest winter month, the temperature drops below 15 degrees below zero in the daytime.
• Spring in Mongolia begins in late March and lasts until June. At this time, dust storms and hurricanes can be dangerous. Much warmer, the average temperature in the spring is +6 ° C.
• The summer temperature period in Mongolia coincides with the calendar one - it begins in late May and ends by September. During this period, there is relatively much precipitation in the form of rains. The average temperature is 21 degrees above zero, and in July (the warmest month in the year) it can reach 25 ° C.
• Autumn in Mongolia is a transitional period - both for temperature (on average + 6 ° С), and for humidity (the climate becomes drier, the amount of precipitation decreases).

Vegetable world

Mongolia, whose climate is sharply continental, has a rich and unusual flora. In its territory there are various natural areas: highlands, taiga belt, forest-steppe and steppe, desert and semi-desert zones.

In Mongolia, you can see mountains covered with deciduous, cedar and pine forests. In the valleys they are replaced by deciduous species (birch, aspen, ash) and shrubs (honeysuckle, cherry head, ledum and others). In general, forests occupy about 15% of the vegetation of Mongolia.

The vegetation cover of the steppes of Mongolia is also very diverse. It includes such plants as feather grass, wheatgrass and others. In the semi-deserts, saxaul predominates. This type of vegetation is about 30% of the entire flora of Mongolia.

Among the medicinal plants the most common are juniper, celandine, sea buckthorn.

Animal world

In Mongolia there are several very rare species of mammals, such as snow leopard, Przewalski horse, Mongolian kulan, wild camel and many others (altogether about 130 species). Also there are many (over 450) diverse species of birds - eagles, owls, hawks. In the desert there is a wild cat, gazelle, saiga, in the forests - deer, sable, roe deer.

Some of them, unfortunately, need to be protected, since they are threatened with extinction. The government of Mongolia cares about preserving the existing richest fund of flora and fauna. To this end, there were organized numerous reserves and national parks.

Interesting facts about Mongolia

This country is unique. Therefore, it attracts many tourists who want to learn more about Mongolia. There are several characteristics that characterize it:

• Mongolia, whose climate is severe enough, is the country with the coldest capital in the world.
• Among all countries of the world, the lowest density of population here.
• If you translate the name of the capital of Ulan Bator from the Mongolian language, you get the phrase "red bogatyr".
• Another name for Mongolia is "Country of the blue sky".

Not all tourists who aspire to these parts know what the climate is in Mongolia. But even a detailed acquaintance with its features does not frighten fans of exotic and wildlife.