Genres of lyrics in literature. Genres of Lyric Pushkin and Lermontov

Genres of lyrics originate in syncretic art forms. In the foreground are personal experiences and feelings of a person. Lyrics - the most subjective kind of literature. His range is wide enough. Lyrical works are characterized by laconicism of utterance, the ultimate concentration of thoughts, feelings and experiences. Through various genres of poetry the poet embodies what excites him, upsets or pleases.

Lyrics Features

The term itself comes from the Greek word lyra (a kind of musical instrument). Poets of the period of antiquity performed their works to the accompaniment of the lyre. The lyrics are based on the experiences and thoughts of the main character. He is often identified with the author, which is not entirely true. The character of the hero is often revealed through actions and actions. The direct author's characteristic plays a large role. An important place is given to the description of appearance. The monologue is most often used. Dialogues are rare.

The main means of expression is thinking. In some works, genres of the epic, lyrics and dramas are intertwined. In lyrical works there is no detailed plot. In some, there is an internal conflict of the hero. There is also a "role" lyrics. In such works the author plays the roles of different persons.

Genres of lyrics in literature are closely intertwined with other kinds of art. Especially with painting and music.

Types of lyrics

As a literary kind of lyric poetry was formed in ancient Greece. The highest flowering occurred in ancient Rome. Popular ancient poets: Anacreon, Horace, Ovid, Pindar, Sappho. In the Renaissance, Shakespeare and Petrarch stand out. And in the 18-19 centuries the world was shaken by the poetry of Goethe, Byron, Pushkin and many others.

Varieties of lyrics as a kind: expressive - meditative or suggestive; On subjects - landscape or urban, social or intimate, etc .; In tonality - minor or major, comic or heroic, idyllic or dramatic.

Types of lyrics: poetry (poetry), dramatized (role-playing), prosaic.

Thematic classification

Genres of lyrics in the literature have several classifications. Most often, such works are divided by subject.

• Civil. Public-national issues and feelings are at the forefront.
• Intimate. Transmits the personal experiences experienced by the protagonist. It is divided into the following types: love, lyricism of friendship, family, erotic.
• Philosophical. It embodies the realization of the meaning of life, being, the problem of good and evil.
• Religious. Feelings and experiences about the highest and spiritual.
• Landscape. Transmits the hero's reflections on natural phenomena.
• The satirical. Exposes human and social vices.

Varieties by Genre

Genres of lyrics are diverse. It:

1. A hymn is a lyrical song expressing a festive and uplifting feeling, formed from some good event or an exceptional experience. For example, the "Hymn to the Plague" by Alexander Pushkin.

2. The invective. It means a sudden denunciation or a satirical ridicule of a real person. For this genre is characteristic semantic and structural duality.

3. Madrigal. Originally they were poems depicting rural life. After several centuries the madrigal is substantially transformed. In the 18-19 centuries, these are lyrical works of free form, glorifying the beauty of women and containing a compliment. The genre of intimate poetry is found in Pushkin, Lermontov, Karamzin, Sumarokov and others.

4. Ode - a laudatory song. This is a poetic genre, finally formed in the era of classicism. In Russia, this term was introduced by V. Trediakovsky (1734). Now it is already remotely connected with classical traditions. In it there is a struggle of contradictory style trends. Known solemn ode Lomonosov (developing metaphorical style), anacreontic - Sumarokov, synthetic - Derzhavin.

5. Song (song) - one of the forms of verbal and musical art. There are lyrical, epic, lyric-dramatic, lyric-epic. Lyrical songs do not have narrative, narrative. They are characterized by an ideological and emotional expression.

6. Message (letter in verse). In Russian literature of the 18th century this genre variety was extremely popular. Messages were written by Derzhavin, Kantemir, Kostrov, Lomonosov, Petrov, Sumarokov, Trediakovsky, Fonvizin and many others. In the first half of the 19th century, they were also on the move. They are written by Batiushkov, Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Lermontov.

7. Romance. This is the name of a poem that has the character of a love song.

8. Sonnet is a solid verse form. It consists of fourteen lines, which, in turn, fall into two quatrains (quatrains) and two triads (tercets).

9. A poem. It is in the 19-20 centuries that this structure becomes one of the lyrical forms.

10. Elegy is another popular genre of lyrical poetry of melancholy content.

11. Epigram is a short poem of a lyrical warehouse. It is characterized by great freedom of content.

12. The epitaph (the tombstone).

Genres of Lyric Pushkin and Lermontov

AS Pushkin wrote in different lyrical genres. It:

• Oh yeah. For example, "Liberty" (1817).
• Elegy - "The Daylight was Quenched" (1820).
• The message is "To Chaadayev" (1818).
• The epigram is "On Alexander!", "On Vorontsov" (1824).
• The song is "About the Promising Oleg" (1822).
• Romance - "I'm here, Inezilia" (1830).
• Sonnet, satire.
• Lyrical compositions that go beyond the traditional genres - "To the Sea", "Village", "Anchar" and many others.

The theme of Pushkin is also multifaceted: the civil position, the problem of freedom of creativity and many other topics are touched upon in his works.

A variety of genres of Lermontov's lyrics constitute the main part of his literary heritage. He is a continuer of the traditions of the civil poetry of the Decembrists and Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Initially, the most favorite genre was a monologue-confession. Then - a romance, an elegy and many others. But satire and epigram are found in his work extremely rarely.

Conclusion

Thus , lyrical works can be written in different genres. For example, sonnet, madrigal, epigram, romance, elegy, etc. Also, lyrics are often classified by subject. For example, civil, intimate, philosophical, religious and so on. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the lyrics are constantly updated and replenished with new genre formations. In poetic practice, there are genres of lyric poetry borrowed from related art forms. From music: waltz, prelude, march, nocturne, cantata, requiem, etc. From painting: portrait, still life, etude, bas-relief and so on. In modern literature there is a synthesis of genres, therefore lyrical works are divided into groups.