Medical property and its accounting. Provision of medical property. Medical property: classification and characteristics

Medical property is a complex of special material assets. They are designed to help, treat, diagnose, prevent pathologies and lesions, carry out anti-epidemic, as well as various sanitary-hygienic measures. This category also includes the equipment of disaster service institutions, units and formations. Further in the article the characteristics and classification of medical property will be given.

Main Categories

There are different types of medical property. The main ones are:

• Medicines. This group includes drugs, including antidotes, substances designed to prevent damage from ionizing radiation.
• Immunobiological agents.
• Chemical reagents. Among them, among others, include standard-titles, as well as sets of clinical-diagnostic type.
• Deratization, disinsection, disinfectants and repellents.
• Dressing.
• Medical equipment and accessories.
• Laboratory and pharmacy utensils and other accessories.
• Subjects of care for patients and other expendable medical property.
• Accessories and materials for physiotherapy and dentistry.
• X-ray film and photographic materials. Aids and stuff.

Provision of medical services for disaster services

For today in Russia more than 5500 names of only medicines are registered and allowed. In accordance with the classification adopted by the bodies managing pharmaceutical activities, they are divided into 90 pharmacological generalized groups. But the operating conditions of the disaster service departments put forward demands on the nomenclatural minimization and compliance with the circumstances of extreme situations. Thus, according to some participants in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident and the earthquake in Armenia, with mass admissions of medical personnel affected in some cases, being confused, was mistaken in choosing this or that tool or material. In this case, the words of Academician Vishnevsky, formerly the chief surgeon of the Soviet Army (the Soviet Army), that the more effective the substances directed at the mass destruction of people, the more the flow of victims, the simpler the means used for the aid should be. In this regard, despite the existing diversity, the provision of medical services by the disaster service is carried out by selecting the most effective, resistant to external influences, simple to use and user-friendly materials in extreme situations. The World Health Organization, in particular, developed a special set. A set of medical equipment intended to provide assistance to victims in the emergency situation per 1000 people for three months includes medicines of 12 items from 11 pharmacological groups. Auxiliary set for 10 thousand people. For 3 months. Includes 55 medicines from 40 categories.

Features of materials of equipment

For the disaster service, a special list of medicines was developed. It covers about 60 pharmacological groups. The most common means in ready-made forms, factory, as a rule, manufacturing, in individual dosage, dressing material, means for connecting fragments of tissues and a number of other objects in a sterile form. Their nomenclature, in comparison with that used in the daily activities of clinics, is significantly reduced without affecting the provision of assistance to the fullest. The selected medical equipment includes modern means intended for long-term storage and use under extreme conditions. In its composition there are medicinal preparations from the main pharmaceutical groups as a wide spectrum, and specific. For equipping is selected mobile or portable, portable equipment. It is suitable for use in hospital and emergency situations.

Nomenclature

To establish it, the norms of supplying medical property are used. It also establishes its quantity, which is necessary for application in those or other conditions. In addition, a reserve of medical property is formed in the event of extreme situations. These activities are conducted on the basis of the projected volume of assistance provided by the affected institutions and departments of the disaster service, their organizational and staff units, the structure and number of sanitary losses, the type of human injury. The supply norm is a quantitative, scientifically based indicator of the unit of medical property. It is established for issuing to the formation, subdivision, service agency for the performance of the prescribed scope of work for a certain time. The standardization of medical property is carried out by special centers on the basis of the design parameters established by the RF Ministry of Health. They provide for the number and range of funds to eliminate the corresponding consequences of a particular type of emergency. These include, in particular, earthquakes, mass infectious lesions, accidents at radiation or chemical-hazardous enterprises, and others.

Report card

On the basis of this document, the medical property that is available is recorded, as well as used to provide assistance. It establishes the number and list of funds and materials provided for equipping the institution or forming a service in accordance with the purpose of the unit. Medicines are listed by pharmacological methods, technology by commodity groups, and other items by types and other categories that determine the range of their use. The medical property included in this document is called a medical one.

Composition of the list

It is defined taking into account the needs of the institution or formation according to its purpose, on the basis of the need to provide assistance in the prescribed amount and form to a specific number of victims of the relevant profile for a certain period. The composition as the expenditure of funds is replenished, depending on the actual need, after the end of work in conditions of emergency - up to the volume indicated in the report card. Today, there are lists for equipping a multi- field field hospital and 19 types of brigades for specialized medical care. These include:

• Surgical.
• Traumatological.
• Neurosurgical.
• Toxicological.
• Burning.
• Obstetric and gynecological.
• Children's surgery and others.

For each brigade medical equipment is calculated to provide specialized assistance to a specific number of victims. In particular, for:

• Toxico-therapeutic - 25 people.
• Infectious, transfusiological - 50.
• Laboratory-diagnostic, psychiatric - 100.
• Other profiles - 10 people.

The medical property of the hospital in accordance with the report card is designed to provide qualified assistance (with specialized elements) in the capacity of 200-250 people. per day. The reserve of funds is intended for the replenishment of the consumed material by brigades, a hospital and for rendering assistance to the victims at the centers of service of catastrophes. The necessary emergency reserve is stored in accordance with the rules established by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Classification of medical property

There are different ways of dividing funds and materials. In particular, the categories are distinguished according to their intended use, physicochemical, pharmacological and other characteristics and properties. In Russia, the "General Classifier" is widely used, in many industrial sectors of which were funds and medical supplies. This, in turn, significantly complicates the application of the document. In practical health care, there are three main classes of medical property. They include:

• Medications.
• Medical equipment.
• Subjects and materials for patient care.

The first class is divided into the following categories of funds by:

• Dangerous physicochemical and pharmacological properties.
• Toxicity.
• Aggregate state.
• Sensitivity to the influence of external factors.
• Method of application.
• Release form.

Subjects for care of patients, in turn, are divided into categories according to the material from which they are made, the purpose and so on. Medical equipment is classified by design features, functional purpose (apparatuses, instruments, instruments, equipment). The funds and materials used by the disaster service are divided into two groups according to their purpose: stocks and current equipment. Each of them includes both technology and medications. The second group includes objects used in the daily activities of medical-prophylactic and scientific-research nature, as well as for educational purposes. The first group includes tools and materials for use in emergencies.

Inventory

They are divided into irreducible and reserve property. The second includes the means and materials for equipping the formations and institutions of the service of disasters, applied in accordance with the decisions of the heads of the centers or health management bodies. A non-reducible stock includes property for supplying re-profiled and pre-deployed beds of treatment and prevention units and the formations formed by them. It is intended for use in emergency situations of military and peacetime.

Storage of stocks

Protection of medical property is carried out by creating the necessary conditions for its preservation, serviceability and alerting to use at certain times. The means and materials of the irreducible stock are kept in the warehouses of the profile institutions that have the tasks of the MSGO. The assets of the reserve are stored in the respective warehouses of the disaster service centers. To maintain the proper state of funds and materials, certain activities are carried out. In particular, the inventory of medical property is regularly conducted. To prevent spoilage before the expiration date, the items are replaced with new ones. Together with this, the medical property seized from the warehouses is recorded. Stocks are sold for later use before the expiration date. In this case, medical property is written off from warehouses. Instead, it receives funds and materials with a long period of storage. To facilitate the sale of property seized from warehouses, in accordance with the Government Decree, the size of the decline in the vacant free prices is established. The use of reserves is allowed only to provide the necessary assistance to victims of emergencies. After that, the volume of property is subject to full recovery.

Sets of tools and materials

Kits form a separate group of medical property. They are packed in a special container. The composition of the sets is regulated by the number. The kits are designed to equip the formations and functional units of the disaster service. The composition may include technology, medicines and other materials and items from different groups. Surgical instruments for equipping the formations and institutions of the service of disasters are presented in the form of special sets. They include items that have a single functional purpose for carrying out a particular type of work and are placed in the established order in one container (package). There are sets of specialized and general surgical instruments:

• Operating.
• Dressing.
• Traumatological.
• Dental and other.

Forming sets

In the process of acquisition, specialists adhere to certain principles. In particular:

• Placement of objects in a container is made taking into account the convenience of deployment and subsequent work.
• The distribution of property is carried out in one or more stowages in accordance with the mass and overall dimensions.
• Drugs are combined according to the types of forms.
• Medicines list "A", psychotropic and narcotic drugs are separated from other items and placed in one box.
• Subjects are distributed in containers in accordance with physical and chemical properties (flammable, volatile, odorous, flammable and others) and interoperability.

Depending on the conditions of use, items are completed in a disposable container (cardboard box, plywood box, bag, etc.) or multiple (wooden boxes, cases, bags, etc.) use. Packaging must meet the requirements of portability and durability, tightly closed.

Benefits of Sets

The supply of medical equipment in the form of kits has a number of advantages in comparison with the supply of individual units. Thanks to the creation of the kits, the basic requirements are implemented, which are presented to the list of means and materials in the formations of the service of catastrophes. In particular, efficiency is achieved when transporting medical equipment to the centers of sanitary mass losses, high speed of collapsing and deployment of functional units, clearness of the evacuation stages is ensured. Of no small importance is the convenience in the direct implementation of works to provide the necessary assistance to victims in emergencies. Thanks to the content of surgical items in the form of kits for the implementation of specific operational activities, the preparation and subsequent implementation of interventions of neurosurgical, gynecological, urological and other plans is accelerated and greatly facilitated. Together with this, the task of compiling applications for the supply of medical equipment is substantially simplified. The kits are convenient in transportation, storage in the field. The contents of packages are to a certain extent secured by the negative influence of environmental factors (atmospheric precipitation, dust, solar radiation and other), damaging elements of ES, mechanical damage. In order to increase the safety of equipment and equipment during transport, the sets in the container are provided with sliding sections and inserts, partitions and gaskets made of cushioning materials that separate the interior space into cells, nests, compartments and the like.

additional information

As a part of the kits, medicines are used that have only a large stock of the total shelf life. Components and items of equipment, including surgical instruments, are tested immediately before embedding, and all necessary parts are checked. If stored for a long time, it is protected from corrosion. Replenishment of spent stocks of funds and materials from the kits is carried out one by one as he proceeds from the warehouses and pharmacies. Exceptions are sets of bandages and tires, sanitary bags. Their replenishment is carried out entirely.

Equipping army units

At all times, the medical service of Russian troops was entrusted with carrying out sanitary-hygienic, medical-evacuation, anti-epidemic measures, as well as taking measures to protect against weapons of mass destruction. The fulfillment of these tasks is possible in case of full equipment with the necessary means and materials. During the period of military operations, the expenditure of property is carried out in rather large amounts. So, for example, in the conduct of the Byelorussian operation in 1944, institutions spent about two million bandages and 39 tons of hygroscopic cotton wool. During the Orel-Kursk military operations, 100 wagons of property were used. More than 31,000 wagons were sent from the central warehouse to the front during all the years of the war. Thanks to this, military physicians managed to put in operation more than 90% of patients and about 72% of the wounded. In modern conditions of conducting military operations in the expenditure and the need for medical property in connection with the large number of losses significantly increases.