The best sorts of plums for the middle zone of Russia

Plum in our country for its popularity is on the third after the apple tree and cherry spot. However, for its intensive cultivation throughout Russia there are certain obstacles. The main reason is, of course, insufficient winter hardiness in comparison with the same apple tree and even with a cherry. And although this stone culture does not take the first place in the list of luxurious gifts of gardens, its fruits, according to their taste, value and content of useful elements, are in no way inferior to other fruits.

general information

Plum never gets bored. It is useful not only for the rich content of trace elements and vitamins, such as riboflavin, A, E, C, B1, etc. Only in plum in large quantities is such an invaluable product as pectin, which, by normalizing the metabolism and activating the work of the stomach and intestines, also cleanses the blood. And recently, its quality has been revealed, like the prevention of cancer cells. A huge amount of pectin can boast absolutely all sorts of plums.

Big, sweet ...

For some time in the central part of Russia , the cultivation of this, of course, not only a tasty but also a useful crop, was associated with certain difficulties. However, those times when the plum was considered a purely southern plant, have long since passed. Thanks to the creation of new, more winter-hardy species, today this culture can often be seen in the gardens in the northern territories of our country, except perhaps permafrost.

The most common varieties of plums

The recommended varieties for Russia's central strip are so numerous that they can cover the agro-card of our country, starting from its southernmost regions up to the Far East. In order to choose the right view for a specific climatic zone, you need to study its characteristics in detail.

Today, many plums grow on plots, but often it yields a low yield, or does not bear fruit at all. Specialists explain this by the fact that these are varieties that breeders have long been advised not to plant. Currently, it is worth paying attention to new and well-proven species across the country, not only yielding large yields, but also characterized by large and tasty fruits.

Features

The success of growing any fruit tree depends on how well the plum varieties are selected. Recommended for the middle zone of Russia species should have, first of all, winter hardiness, large-fruited and high yield. In addition, when buying seedlings, it is necessary to ask, self-fertilized is a kind or self-fruitful. In the first case, fruits will appear on the tree, even if there are no pollinators nearby. Whereas practically all sorts of plums, for the central part of Russia intended and related to self-fertile, although they differ in high yield, however, have one drawback. In the garden next to them, you must plant other species for pollination, and those that will bloom at the same time as them.

When choosing seedlings, you need to take into account the timing when the fruit ripens. Ideal is the option, when it is possible to plant on the site both early and middle, and late-bred varieties. First of all, it is worthwhile to look at zoned species that have already passed the testing period and have proven themselves in specific areas. They are included in the database of the State Register of Selection Plants, where you can see the division of them into zones.

The most successful species

This is a well-established "fast-moving", "egg blue", "blue gift", "Eurasia 21", etc. They belong to different groups in terms of maturation. For example, very common plums in the middle belt give rise to the harvest in late June-mid-July. The early ones are "morning", "super early", "opal" "early early", etc. Varieties of plums for the middle belt of Russia, which matures later in terms of time - this is both the "memory of Timiryazev" and "Tambov's Rclode".

Detailed description

"Egg blue" is a winter-hardy and rather tall tree, giving blue-violet fruits with a thick waxy coating. The shape of this sort of plum for the central strip of Russia resembles an egg. The species is considered self-fertilized, but has one drawback - instability to diseases.

Another variety - "Smolinka" - gives a very large and surprisingly tasty fruit. However, it is self-fertile. Therefore, amateur gardeners plant a number of "egg blue", "blue gift", "Hungarian Moscow" or "morning".

The latter was obtained as a result of the crossing of the French "Ulcens' Rendande" and the local variety "red-breasted red". Both these varieties, albeit low-resistant, but recover quickly enough, and even after a strong frost. And already for the fourth year after planting, gardeners manage to collect about twenty-two kilograms of red-violet large fruits with an oval shape and attracting sweet-sour taste from each tree. However, this variety after winter with frosty frosts may cease to bear fruit. In addition, "morning" is a partially self-fertilized variety. Its yield is significantly increased when such plum sorts recommended for the middle zone of Russia are planted near as "collective farm", "rakitovaya" or "Hungarian Muscovite".

The most popular species

Domestic gardeners loved "blue eyes". These are medium-sized shrubs with a wide crown. Their main advantage is increased winter hardiness. In general, many of the best plum varieties for the central Russia are self-fertile. Fruits of "blue eyes" mature by the end of summer. They are oval and small, have a dark blue color and sweet and sour taste, in which there is light astringency. For the pollination of trees of this species, the seedlings or seedlings of the "quick-ripening red" sludge must grow next.

For the middle zone of Russia, "Alexy" is a good match. It is a low tree growing one and a half meters or slightly higher, with a rounded raised crown. Its fruits mature late - at the end of summer. From one adult tree, if all the agrotechnical standards are observed, it will be possible to collect about fifteen kilograms of pear-shaped blue-violet plums with a well-drained bone.

"Memory of Timiryazev" - another representative of the variety of yellow plums for the central part of Russia - was derived by crossing "victoria" and "fast-growing red". Its nearly three-meter-long trees have a rounded dangling crown. Like the "Victoria", as well as "egg blue" or other sorts of plums for the central part of Russia (the fetus is in general very much appreciated precisely for this quality), when frozen, it is quickly restored. "Memory of Timiryazev" fructifies in September. From each tree you can collect up to thirty-five kilograms of plums. In color, he has yellow, with a reddish beautiful blush, sweet fruit with a slight sourness. They are perfectly transported without cracking, and can ripen during storage.

Hybrids

Plums, recommended for the middle zone of Russia, almost all were obtained as a result of long experiments of scientists-agronomists. Moreover, breeders were able to combine many valuable characteristics in individual subspecies. For example, the best plum varieties were created - for the middle zone of Russia and even for more northern regions - with increased adaptive properties for existence in relatively harsh conditions. Such characteristics are considered high winter hardiness with large-fruited, as well as improved quality, etc.

To date, thanks to the success of breeders, gardeners have the opportunity to grow plums in the Non-Black Earth region, in areas with severe winters - up to forty degrees of cold.

Crossed Rents

The subspecies included in this group are high-quality varieties giving round large fruits. They have a tender and juicy pulp, well separated from the stone. Renkloids in our country are divided into several varieties. In particular, for the middle band, the "collective farm" is well suited, resulting from the crossing of the thorny and with a southern green appearance. The crown is round, and the height of the tree is up to three meters. It is possible to grow the "collective farm" in the Moscow region. However, he is self-fertile, and therefore he always needs pollinators, which must be planted side by side.

From the "ripening red" and "greenback" was introduced a variety of "Sukhanov" with an average winter hardiness. Its height is about three meters. This plum is self-fruitful, therefore, in order to produce a crop, it is necessary that a "collective farm" or "Hungarian Muscovite" grow alongside.

Planting and care

It is recommended to plant varieties recommended for cultivation in the middle part of our country in the spring. This is due to the fact that when planting seedlings in the fall, they do not have time to take root or grow strong, often freeze in winter cold.

The landing pit, however, can be prepared ahead of time, in October-November, or early in the spring, two weeks before disembarkation. Its depth should be about sixty centimeters with a diameter of 60-70 cm. The soil, taken from the pit, is mixed with humus and transferred back.

A wooden stake is hammered into the center of the hollow. Seedling is tied to it. Roots need to be covered with the top layer of the earth without fertilizers, only slightly pressing with your hands as far as the powder, so that there is no emptiness around them.

The first two or three years after plum planting in orchards in the middle lane, you need to use only nutrients added to the planting pit. And only then you can apply mineral or organic fertilizers to the near-bottom line .

An important measure in the care of the plums provided for cultivation in the central zone of our country is the permanent removal of root shoots, which can appear around in large quantities and cause a lot of inconvenience. They should be removed up to five times during the summer, so that the mother plant does not weaken and its yield does not decrease.

Peculiarities of growing

All varieties of plums, crossed for the middle zone of Russia, are responsive to fertilizers that are introduced. In the early spring season and during the period after flowering, it is necessary to make nitrogen fertilizing, which contributes to the maximum intensive growth of trees. In the second half of the growing season, it is necessary to give nitrogen-potassium or phosphoric fertilizers, which are necessary for the accumulation of nutrients in fruits. Care of adult trees of all sorts of plums also includes pruning and thinning of fruits.

For the successful cultivation of this crop in the middle belt in the gardens you need to choose the right place for it. The taste qualities of the plum strongly depend on the temperature during the warm season. In an unfavorable summer with cool and rainy weather, varieties recommended for these regions may not pick up sugars, and therefore remain sour. Therefore, they are planted in a bright place, where there is a lot of sun.