System "warm walls": installation, features and disadvantages

The feeling of comfort in the house depends primarily on cleanliness, ambient temperature, fresh air and level of illumination. And if the first one can be provided with regular cleaning, the remaining factors depend on the structural features of the building and its technical elaboration. And the issue of heat is the main place. Why? Because a comfortable temperature gives a person the opportunity to relax, feel freedom.

The modern market offers us many options for heating the house from traditional radiators to innovative air systems. All of them promise the creation of equally fine conditions of existence, sometimes at a rather favorable price. But if you think deeper, is it possible that such different heat transfer technologies, like infrared radiation and water heating, give the same effect? Of course, no, the sensations will be completely different. To achieve a really high degree of comfort, you need to take into account a lot of different nuances.

The history of the idea

Did anyone notice that even at a high temperature in the room, if a draft is walking along the floor, it is still cold. Or intuitively do not want to touch the icy walls. Maybe, therefore, all houses with wood interior finish are felt unusually cozy. Of course, the matter is not in the material, just the wood is warm to the touch, and the body feels it. Having noticed such moments, designers have developed a heating system for "warm walls for the house" and "warm floor".

The idea, of course, is not new, and in all the houses of the old building where the stoves were used, the heating technology was applied by a rough - heated wall that passed through the rooms of the building. It was possible to create a complex chimney system with many channels inside this wall. Later, in the period 60-x, developed a project for the construction of multi-storey panel houses of concrete elements with channels inside. According to them it was supposed to start (and there were actually operating objects) a coolant in the form of hot air.

The project was not widely spread due to the complexity of mounting panels that needed to be precisely aligned and sealed well between them. But the principle itself became the ancestor of modern technologies for organizing warm walls.

Heating the walls as a heating element

The device of modern wall heating differs somewhat from its prototype. So, no longer do hollow structural elements for the passage of hot air. And you can heat almost any plane by installing coolant channels. Such channels include polypropylene pipes for the circulation of hot water and special heating wires that work from electricity.

Another feature is the creation of a heat-insulating layer that does not let heat out when the outer wall is heated. The very essence of the project is to create a thermal barrier between the inner room and the street. Plus to this - a large area of the heated surface provides rapid warming of the air.

The positive and negative sides of the system

The system of "warm walls" is deservedly considered one of the most effective, because:

• Creates an excellent thermal effect at a lower coolant temperature than in traditional convection systems. This is due to the large area of the heat panel.
• Causes pleasant tactile sensations.
• Does not dry air, since it does not have open oxygen-burning elements.
• More evenly distributes heat in space, because it immediately heats a large volume of air.
• Does not cause a positive ionization of air, like any metal heating element. This prevents the accumulation of dust and disease-causing bacteria.
• Requires less powerful circulation pumps, which saves electricity.
• Easy to install. Does not require the use of welding, metal cutting tools.

The disadvantage of such heating is that the warm walls should not be covered with furniture. They are not desirable to drill, it is difficult to determine where the channel can pass. If the system has been violated, this could lead to serious repairs.

Where is this kind of heating applied?

The system of "warm walls" is designed in such a way that it can technically be practicable in any room. It is not difficult to install it on any wall, naturally, not after major repairs and finishing. The question is, will this kind of heating be effective in a particular room? There are a number of preferences:

• Ideal spaces, where there is a minimum of equipment and furniture, blocking the wall plane: the audience, office space, bedrooms and corridor passages.
• Places with high humidity: saunas, laundries, baths, showers. This heating contributes to good drying.
• Areas that are difficult to equip with other heating systems: garages, warehouses, hangars, bathrooms, swimming pools, workshops.
• As an additional type of heating to the existing one, but the capacity of which is not enough for a full-scale heating.
• In the tambours to create a thermal barrier.

What kinds of coolant are used

Two types of coolant are normally applicable:

• Liquid . Ordinary water, which, like in any water heating, circulates in the pipes, being under certain pressure.
• Electrical cable . Works on the principle of a warm floor.

Warm water walls gradually heat the surface and, importantly, are environmentally safe. But it is not always possible to install such a system in high-rise buildings, or rather, to obtain permission for this. After the violation of the integrity of the channels and the leakage of liquid can lead to the destruction of not only the inner covering of the room, but also the construction of the building.

Warm electrical walls are more expensive in laying and are 20% less economical than water ones. Part of the cost of operation is reduced, using thermostats, but with large cable lengths this is not particularly felt. Heating on the basis of electricity does not destroy the construction of the box, but it is not so harmless for a person. Each wire creates electromagnetic radiation, which can adversely affect health.

Materials for the organization of warm walls

A warm wall is heating, which is a complex multi-layer system. In general, it is placed on external bearing elements to make a barrier and reduce the heat loss of the building. The correct cake looks like this:

1. External wall insulation. Provides protection of the frame from freezing.
2. Wall construction of the building.
3. Internal insulation. Prevents the penetration of energy of the coolant into the unproductive area of the bearing wall.
4. System of channels with coolant and fasteners.
5. External layer covering the system. It can be made of plaster or plasterboard. It is a useful heated plane, the heat from which is transferred to the room.

Internal warming of warm walls is established only in the event that there is an external heater of a wall. Otherwise, the wall left without heating will freeze, it will die, and a fungus will appear. All the fastening elements of the system are made of materials not subject to oxidation, such as stainless screws and plastic clips. Channels of coolant are mounted from polypropylene pipes or electrical wire in plastic braid. The plaster layer is fixed on a special grid. The plaster can be cement, gypsum and based on a lime mortar.

Installation of warm walls

For the organization of wall heating water type has its own rules:

1. The arrangement of pipes is better to perform in the horizontal direction. Such a scheme is easier to exaggerate, if a cork is suddenly formed.
2. Pipes are stacked according to the principle of snakes, and the supply of hot water is organized from below, and the return from the upper end. This is dictated by the law of physics, because hot air rises, gradually warming up the whole room.
3. The pitch of the horizontal lines is increased in the direction of the ceiling in order to save materials. It does not make sense to intensively heat the space in the upper layers - a person will not feel this heat, but the energy consumption will be appreciable.
4. At the top of each circuit, it is advisable to install the air-blasting devices.
5. If the pipe is closed with plaster, the latter is applied in two stages using a reinforcing mesh - metal for the first layer and fiberglass for the finish. In this way, the possibility of cracking the wall from temperature drops during heating and cooling is eliminated.
6. When installing systems on a stone base: brick, concrete, cinder block; Internal insulation is used only if there is an external one. The wall should in no case freeze, otherwise from such heating there will be more harm than good.
7. All the fasteners are fixed to the supporting wall, not to the heater.
8. For heating of thin interior walls, it is not necessary to lay the insulation under the pipe, the plane will be warmed from both sides.
9. If the pipe is closed with plasterboard (dry installation), then it is necessary to install heat reflectors under it, and the thickness of the air layer should be kept to a minimum. Otherwise, the heated air inside will begin to rise, and you will get "warm ceilings", the walls will not warm up well. This nuance should be taken into account.

When the "warm wall" system is laid, it is necessary to carefully work out the installation scheme. For this, directly on the spot, it is possible to arrange the location of the heating pipes and the points of their connection to the main line. It is important to remember that the longer the horizontal section in the coil, the more likely the occurrence of air in it. Therefore, it is more advisable to break a long section into smaller ones, and the whole system into as many contours as possible, in each of which to put a circulating pump. All supply pipes are covered with thermal insulation, so as not to lose useful power.

Warm floor on the wall

Quite convenient way to heat walls with the help of electrical systems "warm floor". They are produced in three versions: an electric cable on the base, a cable in coils and a film material of infrared radiation.

Installation of warm walls of electric type before water has several advantages. System:

• Not subject to the formation of air congestion.
• Has a small thickness. Therefore, to conceal a thin layer of plaster in the wall.
• The cable on the mesh base can be easily mounted to the supporting surface, and it is not necessary to use additional reinforcing material for the plaster solution.
• For installation use more lightweight and cheap fasteners.
• The insulation of the current-carrying heating cable is made of a material that can be compressed and released under the influence of temperature. This, in turn, reduces the mechanical load when the element is heated and expanded.
• Structurally more simple, as it directly converts electricity into heat, without requiring additional equipment in the form of a boiler and pumps.

Although it is convenient to apply a warm floor to a wall, it is expensive and not allowed to be laid near plumbing elements. For greater efficiency requires the lining of heat-insulating foil material.

Maintenance

All heating systems require monitoring and maintenance. Water warm walls differ from conventional water heating with a large volume of liquid content. As a rule, in standard radiators, water is rarely changed, but they are located only in several places in the room. The system of channels of warm walls permeates large areas. Given the latest discoveries of scientists in the field of energy, radiation from dirty water can inhibit biological organisms, weakening their immunity. Therefore, it is desirable to change the water in the system every season.

In the process of work, it is necessary to periodically check the automatic air-raisers. They can leak. It is also necessary to monitor the pressure in the system and monitor the return temperature. If it does not get warm enough, turn on the biggest turns on the circulation pump, driving out the air plugs. The same is desirable to do with prolonged power outages.

Conclusion

The heating device "warm walls" is a fairly large-scale project. It requires both serious material investment, as well as technical knowledge and building skills. But the universality of the idea makes it possible to use the system not only as a building heating system. In the summer, chasing cold water through the pipes, you can lower the temperature in the room, creating an air conditioning effect. And this "air conditioner" is much safer - it does not create drafts. Therefore, when deciding which heating to use in your home, it makes sense to take into account this factor. And what? It turns out two in one!