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Small arms: AK-12. Characteristics of AK-12

Let's begin our conversation about the AK-12 with terminology. Many readers initially find in it a stumbling block. They get confused, not understanding what kind of weapon they are: an assault rifle or an assault rifle. We hasten to inform you that the truth in this, as in most cases, is extremely simple: it is one and the same. The Russian word "automatic" (launched by gunsmith Frolov) in English originally corresponded to the assault rifle, which just means "assault rifle".

The new AK-12 is designed at the Izhevsk machine-building plant under the leadership of the chief engineer of this concern - the Tula arms master Zlobin Vladimir Viktorovich.

This weapon of V generation beats on the basis of modern technologies the principle of classical automatics, assuming a long trajectory of the gas piston, as well as a rotary bolt. The receiver has undergone significant structural changes.

The main direction of improvement was the increase in the accuracy of shooting, improved ergonomics, innovative modular design, improved "soft" gazotvodnaya automation, the possibility of using a variety of underbarrel grenade launchers. The main caliber of this weapon (indicated in millimeters) is 5.45 by 39 (as with AK-74). However, other calibers will also be manufactured: 5.56 by 45; 7.62 by 39; 7.62 by 51. It is also expected to produce calibers 7.62 by 51 (NATO standard) and 6.5 Grendel.

Appointment

How to define a new assault rifle for a functional purpose? Since November of last year, as it is known, on the test firing conducted on the Izhmashov test base, the declared characteristics of the machine were confirmed. In the spring of 2014, his development and test work at TsNIITOCHMASH was completed, and the AK-12 was adopted. The troops will receive it in execution, assuming calibers 5.45 and 7.62 mm. Also, this new weapon will be actively exported. Let us note that one of the ideas of its creation was an increase in the Russian share of the international arms market as a result of successful competition with foreign models of automatons.

The source of this information was the statement of Oleg Bochkarev, Deputy Chairman of the MIC under the Government of the Russian Federation on 16.09.2013 in an interview with the radio station Ekho Moskvy.

Other information leaked from the newspaper "Vzglyad" testifies that the Russian President approved the following scheme for updating the Ministry of Defense machines: the Russian Technologies Corporation exchanges one new machine for three old ones from the Ministry of Defense from armament depots.

The new assault rifle is designed to replace the standing AK-74. Today, as is known, this model is the basic weapon of the infantry. As a matter of fact, it was finalized: first, preliminary (during the "breakthrough" competitive development of "Abakan"), and then - on an initiative basis in 2013-2014. (With the deepening of the "Abakan breakthrough" we purposefully construct a new "Kalashnikov"). Tests of AK-12 showed: a new formidable weapon appeared on the armament market, which in many ways circumvented the characteristics of assault rifles of other countries.

Major revisions

As a result of creative work in the transition to the V generation of "Kalashnikov" in the basic design of AK-74M (IV generation), 18 fundamental design changes were introduced. At the same time, it was possible to preserve the classic "Kalashnikov" layout, reliability and simplicity.

The AK-12 automatic rifle is equipped with innovative shock-trigger mechanism, which allows firing three types of fire: single shots, shooting bursts, shooting with short bursts (with cutoff) - for three rounds.

Significant progress has been made: finally, after many years of discussion, automatic Russian weapons were finally equipped with really convenient ergonomic controls.

The tests indicated the convenience of the telescopic butt, the aiming handle. Two modifications of butts are used. The first one is the one that, in effect, AK-74 Kalashnikov assault rifle has. The second one is more technological, telescopic with five adjustment positions. The latter allows you to perfectly fit the weapon under the anthropometry arrow. The return is noticeably reduced, which positively affects the accuracy of the fire. Improved shooting mode with cutoff.

The machine has a modular design that allows the installation of exchangeable trunks of various calibers and lengths. It is designed as a basic platform, which involves the development of about 20 subsequent modifications.

When designing a new Russian assault rifle, the latest materials and coatings were used. In the course of the design, 10 original technical solutions are patented.

Ergonomics

Use AK-12 left-hander will be as convenient as right-handed: the handle for recharging, at the choice of the owner of the weapon, is easily rearranged either to the left or to the right. Certainly, the following obvious comforts will have a positive effect on his combat capabilities: holding the machine with one hand, you can switch fire types, unfasten the store, put the gun on the safety catch and remove it. For this purpose, a 2-sided 4-position translator-fuse is specially equipped for the thumb of the shooting hand.

The AK-12 recharge time is minimized due to a new gate delay design with a conveniently located button above the magazine, on the right side of the receiver. The machine acquired a more rigid design: the reinforcement of the receiver cover due to a reliable front hinged connection to the receiver itself. In the back part of this lid is attached by means of a special latch, actuated by a lever, located on the same rear-right.

Attachments

The above method of fixing rigidly stabilized the position of the cover of the receiver relative to the barrel, which created additional possibilities for using attachments. To make this additional function as easy as possible, the receiver's cover was modified by Picatinny's slats (which are also available from below and on the sides on the fore and on the gas chamber).

With their help "a light movement of the hand" the new "kalashnikov" AK-12 turns into a grenade launcher. Different types of grenade launchers can be attached to the lower laths of the forearm: 40-mm GP-25 Koster (for destroying the enemy's manpower), 40 mm GP-30 Obuvka for fission fragmentless ammunition, 40 mm improved (without misfire) GP-34.

Improved aiming

Improved gas removal automation requires an optimized balancing of moving parts and mechanisms, maximum use of the muzzle brake - all this shortest way brought a new assault rifle to the equivalent of balanced automation (AK-107).

Kalashnikov AK-12 is equipped with an improved cutting and a bullet entrance, which positively influenced the parameters of accuracy of fire.

We have already mentioned in this article an innovative shock-trigger mechanism. We add that it allows you to reach the rate of fire with firing 1000 shots per minute, and the queues - 600 (for the same time). In this case, the transition to shooting modes is made without detachment of the sight of the arrow from the aiming bar. Up to the switch, it is easy to reach the thumb of the hand, pushing the trigger. This movement is simple, quickly brought to automatism.

The new AK-12 machine, thanks to the aforementioned bar, acquired the ability to mount equipment that directly affects the accuracy of shooting: all kinds of sights (optical, for example, ACOG, collimator, night, mechanical), laser target designators and tactical lights. At the accuracy of the shooting, the increase in the length of the sighting line will also be positively affected by the removal of the target back.

Combat characteristics

The AK-12 weapon (V generation of Russian assault rifles) has technical characteristics of the international level (see table 1).

Battle Characteristics

Indicators

Caliber, mm

5.45 to 39; 5.56 by 45; 7.62 by 39; 7.62 at 51 NATO

Automation type

Gas outlet, butterfly valve

Length

AK-12, cm

110 - the bayonet-knife is joined; With the butt - 94.5; Butt is removed - 72,5

Trunk, cm

41.5

Weight, g

3300 (without shops)

AK-12, shooting characteristics

Rate of fire, shots per minute

The queue is 600; With cut-off - 1000

AK-12, the characteristics of combat power (cartridges in pieces)

Classic AK store (30); 4-row box shops (60); Drum-type (95)

Bullet speed (initial)

0.9 km / s

Effective. Sighting. range

0.6 km

Sighting line (mm)

Sight sectoral combined - 414 mm

Open dioptric - 583 mm

Comparison with NATO-made assault rifles

As soon as the photo of the AK-12 machine appeared in general access, immediately this fact raised a considerable resonance, many searched for its characteristics, discussed it. After all, it became clear: a new design of world-class small arms automatic weapons was created. It amounted to a worthy competition for the assault rifles of the leading NATO member countries. The last statement is proved by the comparative table below.

Table 2. Comparison of the Russian AK-12 with the NATO basic automatic weapon

Italy

USA

Germany

Austria

Russia

Beretta 160 ARX

M16A4

HK416 14.5 "

Steyr A3 AUG

AK-12

Year of adoption

2009

1994

2005

2005

2014

Weight (not loaded), kg

3

3.55

3.56

3.9

3.2

Length with decay. Butt, mm

950

1000

950

745

940

Trunk length, mm

406

510

420

455

415

Caliber

5.56 mm by 45 mm

5.56 mm by 45 mm

5.56 mm by 45 mm

5.56 mm by 45 mm

5.45 mm by 39 mm

Kind of shooting

Single

Single

Single

Single

Single

Auto

Cutting 3 shots

Auto

Auto

Cutting 3 shots

Auto

Auto

Rate of fire, rds / min

700

700-950

850

680-750

650-1000

Speed of the bullet, km / s (initial)

N / a

0.85

0.75

0.99

0.9

Effective. Dist. Firing

0.6 km

0.6 km

0.2 miles

0,5 km

0.6 km

Store capacity

100 cartridges; 30 rounds

From 20 to 100 cartridges; Standard 30 rounds

From 20 to 100 cartridges; Standard 30 rounds

42 cartridges; 30 rounds

95, 60, 30 rounds

Basic Sight

Sight open

Dioptric sight

Dioptric sight

Optical sight 1.5X

The sight is a variable diopter. Or open

Aiming mount

Pl. Picatinni

Pl. Picatinni

Pl. Picatinni

Pl. Picatinni

Pl. Picatinni

Attachable grenade launcher

M203

HK AG36

M203

GP-25, 30.34

As can be seen from the presented table, by the majority of parameters it is ahead of its competitors AK-12. The characteristics of Russian weapons are the most universal.

The reassessment of tactics by the Russian armourers of the combat use of AK

Probably, you noticed the three-mode fire control AK-12 (photos of weapons in the article demonstrate the lever-switch modes). What is the reason for this? First of all, with the change in the ideology of the combat use of the new Kalashnikov. Soviet military science has determined for many years that shooting bursts is considered the main type of machine gun fire. This erroneous point of view until recently prevailed in the Soviet classical literature on shooting. Mainly under it were made and AK, and AKM. It was believed that this creates a high density of fire, which means that the maximum concentration of firepower is achieved.

Sergei Borisovich Monetchikov, one of the leading Russian scientists in the field of firearms, presented and substantiated more realistic views on this issue in his works.

First of all, we will analyze the initial conditions, from which military science must proceed. This is the soldier's ammunition. Obviously, it is limited by completely objective conditions. A serviceman, armed with a machine gun, can take a maximum of 8-10 stores to battle. Therefore, the prospect of "beating" his queues even at the beginning of the fight calls into question both the fulfillment of this combat task by this soldier and his survival in the same battle. In addition to this circumstance, one should take into account the heating factor of the weapon. When firing bursts, this process is much more intense. Overheated weapons "revenge" the arrow with low accuracy of fire. In the case of a battle in a closed space (indoors), shooting in turns is fraught with unpredictable ricochets, deadly for the shooter. Genius Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov was and is absolutely right, teaching soldiers to "cherish the patron." It is this idea, of course, not to the detriment of the fire pressure on the enemy is realized in the weapons we are considering. Further in this article we will consider the tactics of conducting fire from the new "Kalashnikov".

Single shooting

When remote combat in good visibility conditions, it is preferable to fire single cartridges. It should not be forgotten that the method of defeating the target's contour in the shooting range does not work in combat conditions by covering it with several bullets. In the dash, in a calm environment, you can still apply the method of aiming "in the left leg" or by tracking the target for the target. In the combat situation, soldiers have a stress factor, dulling accuracy, the impact of physical fatigue, remedies, etc. Shoot queues at the same time - an empty excess.

By the way, do not necessarily scrupulously aim at every single shot. A well-established single-shot firing, produced not with scrupulous aiming, but by combining the fly with the target, proved to be very successful. AK-12 in this regard is extremely convenient. His smooth shock-trigger mechanism after the shot almost does not take the fly away from the target, while contributing to the effectiveness of a further runaway single fire.

Shooting in short bursts

This type of shooting is applicable at the initial stage of remote combat, provided poor visibility (night, fog, green). Under these circumstances, in the first stage of a clash with the enemy, it is not always clear where he is actually located. With the help of meaningful short bursts, the enemy is "groped".

Then the submachine gunner moves to a single fire on the enemy's identified location. There is another option. The queues for 6-8 cartridges are fired from an ambush by the enemy's manpower, located in the targeted sector of shooting. Thus, the maximum density of fire is reached and, accordingly, the maximum damage to the enemy is inflicted. The rate of fire of AK-12 600/1000 shots allows to effectively perform such combat missions.

Shooting with a cut-off

The soldier fires, staying in static, and in dynamics. In the latter case, he has to shoot, being in unstable positions. In such circumstances, the maximum efficiency of the cut-off mode is maximal. At the same time, for the AK-12 machine, the balance of the shock-trigger mechanism proved to be very good: the trunk does not threaten to be turned upwards and, in addition, a good accuracy of shooting is achieved.

Shooting with long bursts

This type of shooting is used in the assault, if the preconditions for bullet ricochet are minimal. Often attackers do not know where exactly the defending enemy hides. Shooting with long bursts allows him to neutralize (perhaps temporarily, which also matters) not point-by-point, but immediately - within a certain amount of space.

Conclusion

The new AK-12 Kalashnikov assault rifle is a step-by-step, on the level of an individual generation, product of the Russian defense industry.

This reliable and high-tech weapon confirmed the brand identity of KB Kalashnikov. However, its excellent potential combat characteristics can only be called static. Dynamics of AK-12 (photo of the soldier who fires shooting, see above), i.e., his combat effectiveness is manifested in the alloy of technical characteristics with the skills and skills of personnel. For this, it is important not to perform a routine, as in a dash, shooting exercises, but their flexible combination, which teaches a soldier. It should be able not only to accurately conduct a fire, but it is advisable to vary the shooting regimes of "Kalashnikov" depending on the characteristics of the combat situation.

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