Sholom-Aleichem: biography. Heart open to people

Sholom-Aleichem is a Jewish conversion, which at the meeting is exchanged between ordinary people. "Peace be with you" - that's what it means. This fictitious name was picked up by a young author who wrote about ordinary people in their native language - Yiddish. Before you, Sholom Aleichem is a writer. The photo shows a man with good penetrating eyes and with humor, which he transferred to the pages of his stories, novels and novels.

Childhood

Sholom Nukhumovich Rabinovich was born in 1859 in a poor family in Pereyaslavl in Little Russia. Then the family moved to the place Voronkovo, also in Ukraine. Childhood to a teenager from 13 years poisoned stepmother. In the winter in the cold, he often sat on the street near the house, where he was not allowed. Now, if a cart or a cab arrived, then the boy could take them to an unfriendly house, where there were several cabins with bunks for guests. Then he himself could have warmed up. But in the winter, rich guests who do not stop at the house of Nohum Rabinovich go. They prefer the hotel Naum Yasnogradskogo. Freezing Sholom dreams of finding a treasure buried somewhere in Voronkov, and now, after the family is ruined, they again live in Pereyaslavl. So Sholom lived in a big ruined family, where there were also brothers and sisters and children of the stepmother. Jews were very respectful of their studies, they always had a tremulous attitude towards the book. Therefore, all, even the poorest boys, went to school (for girls this was considered optional). The first "product" he wrote was a list of the abusive words of his stepmother, which he arranged alphabetically. It is at home that he looks at the changing guests Sholom Aleichem. His biography is supplemented by an acquaintance with many people who will then go to the pages of his books. After school, the young man graduated from college and dreamed of continuing his studies in Zhytomyr at the institute and becoming a teacher.

Wandering

But the young Sholom-Aleichem must earn his living. He roams through small places, working as a tutor. Nobody stands on ceremony with him. He often is offered a floor instead of a bed, and his hunger irritates the owners, who fiercely watch the food disappear from the table. At night, it happens even cradling small children. Finally, Sholom was lucky. At the age of 17 he was in a very rich house, in which a 14-year-old girl was taught. All is well. But, as repeatedly described in the literature, the teacher and the student begin to feel tender feelings for each other. This is noticed by the father, who is well versed in people. So will Sholom Aleichem. The photo shows a kind, but impractical person. The girl's father immediately realized that the young man does not have the vein of an entrepreneur. Such a son-in-law will not do. From this glorious dreamer, even a good helper in the case will not work. Therefore, secretly at night the whole family leaves. Waking up in the morning, Sholom Aleichem, whose biography suddenly makes a terrible twist, He discovers that he is completely alone in the house. He is paid in a conspicuous place, that's all. Where to find your love, it is not known.

Marriage

Sholom has been wandering around Little Russia for a year, until he persuaded his beloved to flee the house. They were married against the wishes of her parents. And two years later the father-in-law died, and a huge fortune fell on a young family in 1885. An inexperienced player on the Kiev and Odessa stock exchanges quickly lost the entire inheritance in five years. He is not a businessman-a simple-minded Sholom-Aleichem. His biography, as anticipated by his father-in-law, will go the other way.

Becoming a writer

In 1888, Sholom-Aleikhem began to engage in publishing activities with the remainder of his funds. Collections of the "Jewish People's Library" appear from the press. He was looking for Jewish talents throughout huge Russia and found them in shops, in shoemakers' shops, in funeral offices. He paid very high fees and financially supported the elderly writers. He began to write and publish himself. His novels "Stempen" and "Iosele-Nightingale" are published. And in 1894 he started a new novel, the main one in his life, "Tevye the Milkman". So gradually born Sholom-Aleichem - a Jewish writer.

Jewish pogroms

In 1903-1905 the writer's family does not live well on literary fees in Kiev. She is big, she has six children. And here in the south and south-west of the country there is a terrible wave of Jewish pogroms. People are tortured before death, tortured. In nothing innocent people beat stones, shovels, axes, rape women and girls. The Jewish houses, shops are being ransacked, property is being destroyed, synagogues are being destroyed, sacred books are being destroyed. And the police are silent, as if nothing is happening, and if it reacts, it is very sluggish. At this time, the writer actively writes pamphlets, satires and stories devoted to these nightmares ("Gold", "Shmulik", "Joseph"). From these horrors, the writer's family leaves first for Switzerland, and then for the United States. So becomes a wanderer Sholom Aleichem. Biography scrolls through new pages.

Overseas

The first time in the "country of freedom" is developing successfully. It is advertised both by the Jewish press and by American publications, comparing it with Mark Twain. But it quickly stops. It has been a year since the printing of his new book, The Boy Motl, has been suspended, and the writer and his family are forced to return to Russia.

At home

There is no money in the family, and the writer travels with reading his books around the country. In 1908 he became ill with tuberculosis. He has been engaged in literary activity for 25 years, he is loved and appreciated, and his works are made by publishers.

The family is in poverty. And Jews all over the country collect money to redeem the rights to publish his books. It was possible, and they were handed over to the author. A sick writer goes to Germany for treatment. There he finds a world war. He and his family are being sent to Russia. But because of military operations, it is impossible to return to it.

Again America

Here he will spend two years before his death, dreaming of returning to his native land and being buried next to his father in Kiev. His grandchildren are already growing up. Bel Kaufman, who wrote "Up the stairs leading down" - is his own granddaughter, who left many warm memories of her grandfather. In 1916, Sholom-Aleichem died in America far from his native land. The biography, summarized, has come to an end. I must say that he will be buried with a huge crowd of people in the cemetery in New York. And his books live and are read with no less interest than at the time when they were written.