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Secrets of the Oceans. Inhabitants of the underwater world

The boundless water spaces at all times attracted and frightened a person at the same time. Brave explorers set out to travel in search of the unknown. Many secrets of the oceans remain unsolved even today. It's not for nothing that scientists can hear that the hydrosphere is less studied than the surface of a natural satellite of the Earth. There is some truth in this, because the degree of study of the waters of the world ocean does not exceed 5%.

Exploring the Oceans

The exploration of the sea depths began much earlier than the exploration of space expanses and distant galaxies. There were created devices capable of omitting a person to a considerable depth. Developed underwater photography technology and robotic systems. The area of the oceans and its depths are so great that many types of bathyscaphes were designed to study them.

After the first human flight to outer space in 1961, the scientists threw all the forces into the study of the universe. The secrets of the oceans have gone to the background, because it seemed much harder to get to them. The programs to study the seas have been frozen or reduced.

Interesting phenomena

The researchers obtained information on the existence of underwater rivers at the bottom of the oceans. Different hydrocarbon compounds through the cracks in the earth's crust come out under the water column, mix with it and move. This phenomenon is designated by the term "cold seepage". However, the temperature of the gases is not lower than that of the surrounding water.

Submarine rivers are not the only interesting phenomenon. The area of the oceans is so great that many mysterious things lie beneath it. Seven underwater waterfalls were found on the seabed , larger than the known analogs on land. Such a strange movement of water is caused by a number of reasons:

  • Different temperature of water masses ;
  • Distinguishing salinity;
  • Presence of a complex topography of the bottom surface.

The combination of all these factors causes the movement of water with greater density, which rushes downward.

Dairy seas and false bottom

Luminous in the darkness of the ocean space was called "milk seas". Researchers repeatedly recorded similar phenomena on film. There are many hypotheses that try to explain their essence, but nobody can name the exact cause of the glow of the waters. According to one of them, "dairy seas" is a huge accumulation of luminescent microorganisms. And some fish of the ocean also have the property of glow in the dark .

A false bottom is another mysterious phenomenon that science sometimes encounters. The first mention of it dates back to 1942, when scientists with the help of echolocators noticed an unusual layer reflecting acoustic signals at a depth of 4 hundred meters. Further studies have established that this layer rises to the surface of the water at night, and at sunrise re-enters. Guesses of scientists have been confirmed, this phenomenon was created by animals of the ocean - squid. They are uncomfortable with sunlight and from it they hide in great depths. Dense clusters of these organisms do not let out sound waves.

Acoustic equipment also captures incomprehensible sound waves emanating from the seabed. They were discovered in the early 90s of the 20th century. After a while, the devices stopped recording this phenomenon. Once again, the sounds appeared ten years later, becoming louder and more diverse. Scientists can not specify their source and cause of occurrence.

Bermuda Triangle

There are other secrets of the oceans, which cause panic fear in the common man. In certain places, air and sea vessels disappear without a trace, together with people, huge whirlpools appear and shining circles are visible. Many have heard of the mysterious Bermuda Triangle, in which all of the listed phenomena are observed. The area of the zone is about 1 million km 2 . The rumor about this mysterious area went after the disappearance of military aircraft in 1945. They managed to convey information that they had lost their orientation in space. Dozens of such cases have occurred in the past.

These phenomena were investigated, different theories were put forward, trying to explain them. Many of them are pseudoscientific and can not be taken seriously. One of the most reliable was voiced by D. Monaghan. He saw the cause in clusters of hydrocarbon and other gases in the solid state near the ocean floor. The occurring tectonic processes exerted influence on them. As a result, the substances passed into a gaseous state and collected at the surface of the water.

Ships went to the bottom, as the density of water decreased significantly. Aircraft lost orientation under the influence of gases. The movement of hydrocarbons in the water creates an infrasound that causes a person a state of panic. Such fear could force the team in full force to leave the ship hastily. This is not the only mysterious zone in the vast water expanses. What other secrets of the oceans are to be solved by scientists, it remains only to guess.

Whimsical world

Under the water live a variety of organisms that have an unusual appearance. Some of them are poisonous, others are harmless. Incredible variety of sizes and shapes, as well as unusual adaptations with which the animals of the ocean disguise themselves or hunt. Among the most enigmatic is a huge octopus of 13 m in length. This inhabitant of the underwater world got into the camera lens recently. According to some information, its size can be much larger, up to 18 m. Equal to it are only sperm whales and polar sharks.

Sea depths have many invertebrate inhabitants and microorganisms, which literally dotted the bottom. Food for them is an organic, which is poured on them from above. The problems of the ocean are solved by its inhabitants, for example, the processing of remains of living organisms. Exploring the features of the oceans, scientists have discovered a bacterium that lives deep beneath its bottom. It lives under a three-hundred-meter-long sedimentary layer for many millions of years.

Corals

Corals living at depths of up to 6 km are a very interesting sight. Under this layer of water, the temperature does not rise above + 2ºC. Their splendor is not inferior to those that we see in the shallow waters of the tropical seas. The life of these organisms proceeds slowly, and the area is very large.

To understand the extent of their distribution was obtained only after the use of trawls. The fish of the ocean began to be caught in such a barbarous way, destroying the bottom eco-structure. Near Norway the largest place of their settlement was discovered. It has an area of more than 100 km 2 .

Hydrothermal wonders

One of the ecosystems was discovered by scientists in the region of hot underwater springs, where boiling water breaks out from under the earth's crust into the ocean. The territory is simply teeming with a variety of invertebrates and microorganisms. Among them there are also different types of fish. Bacteria that can live in streams of water with a temperature of 121ºC have been found.

The world ocean covers 70% of the surface of our planet. Scientists have discovered many interesting and mysterious phenomena in its thickness. However, the main secrets of the oceans are yet to be solved.

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