Adaptation of children to school. Difficulties in adapting first-graders

The child goes to the first class. The event is both joyful and exciting. A new road opens before the baby. The future depends on how correctly the small student makes the first steps. Of course, the crumb does not cope. Correct adaptation of children to school is the task of the pedagogical collective, as well as of the parents.

What is adaptation?

The very concept implies adaptation to new conditions. A child who had recently attended a pre-school institution had a day's floating regime, spent a lot of time in games, and had to re-arrange himself in a different way. It will be necessary to learn how to listen to the teacher, do homework, find a common language with classmates. In this, in fact, is the adaptation of the child in school. 1 class in an educational institution is by right considered the most difficult. Especially hard for guys who have not previously visited kindergarten. We also have to face the difficulties of socialization.

Adaptation of children to schooling is a real stress for some parents. Most of the mothers are worried that they will not be able to cope with their duties, that the child will fall behind their classmates due to their fault. On delicate shoulders lies a really difficult task. It is necessary to help the child adjust to other conditions of life. At the same time, in no case should the mother show her son or daughter her experiences! And what exactly you can not do is raise your voice to a small schoolboy who can not read or write.

The success of a child's adaptation can depend on many factors. First of all, it is the temperament of a small student, as well as the model of relations in the family. If a child likes to be in the center of attention, does not tolerate loneliness, he will probably soon be able to get used to a new collective. Also, if the family reigns in harmony, mutual respect, the baby has no complexes, adaptation will take place with minimal losses.

However, socialization is only a small part of the whole process. It is not enough to get used to a new collective and teachers. Adaptation of children to schooling is primarily a presence of interest. The kid should understand that he attends school not because it is so necessary, but because here it will be possible to learn a lot of new and useful information. It is the task of parents and educators to interest a child.

Degrees of adaptation

There are no two identical people. So children have their own psychological characteristics. Someone has only a few days to get used to the new conditions, and someone and a month later will feel uncomfortable in someone else's team. Psychologists traditionally divide children into three groups. The first is a child with a mild degree of adaptation. This includes the guys who quickly join the new team, make friends. Such children perfectly find a common language with teachers, all their attention is directed to the study of new subjects.

The second group of children is considered the most common. This includes children with an average degree of adaptation to the school. The period of getting used to the new conditions is longer, takes from several weeks to two months. At the initial stages of education, children do not accept the conditions that they had to fall into. In the classroom they can talk to their friends, do not listen to the teacher's remarks. These guys initially do not show interest in learning. Especially often, this group includes children who did not attend pre-school. Adaptation of children to the school will be faster if the parents hold an appropriate conversation with the guys long before September 1. It is worth explaining to the kid that interesting changes are coming in life that will benefit. If necessary, a psychologist can work with the child.

The third group is children with a severe degree of adaptation. The child has negative forms of behavior, he does not listen to teachers, offends classmates. The opposite is also common - a small schoolboy is locked in himself. The child behaves very quietly, does not talk, does not answer the teacher's questions. In most cases, these guys practically do not learn the school curriculum. The problem of adapting a child to school most often has a cause. This is either a psychological trauma or discord in the family. Without a specialist in this situation can not do.

The difficulties that still face

Successful adaptation of the child to school is not an easy task. Even if the son or daughter belongs to the first group, that is, it is easy to establish a common language with the new collective, shows interest in learning, it is worth being prepared for the fact that it will have to face difficulties. The most common complaint of most parents is the laziness of a small student. In fact, the child is not guilty of anything. He just lost his motivation. He is not interested in attending this or that lesson, doing homework on a particular subject. Surely many parents noticed that children are happy to attend such lessons as singing, physical education, drawing. Because they can be interesting to spend time on. The task of teachers and parents is to interest the student to attend the subject to which the interest has been lost.

Verbalism is another problem that many parents of first-graders have to face. The problem is that many moms and dads from early childhood give huge attention to the development of speech. The verse about the bear in the performance of a two-year-old child is touching. The child is admired, which increases his self-esteem. At school it turns out that everything a pupil can do is beautiful, pure talk, and clearly pronounce complex sounds. At the same time, the thinking processes are rather slow. The program (the adaptation of children to school is a difficult path for every first-grader) must necessarily include subjects that stimulate productive activity. This is drawing, modeling, construction, mosaic, etc.

Chronic failure

At the beginning of the education each child is a clean leaf. Why does it happen that one kid turns into an excellent student, and the other - into an avid devil? Blaming the child for bad schooling is stupid. Chronic failure is primarily a defect of parents, and then teachers. What's going on? A small student can not cope with the task set before him, the mood is reduced. At the same time, many parents only exacerbate the situation, begin to scold the baby. Insecurity in the self-strength of a small student grows at times. He does not want to continue his studies so that he does not experience negative emotions again. Thus, chronic failure progresses.

In the period of adaptation of children to school, parents should be patient. Mums and dads need to be prepared for the fact that many tasks for the baby will not be obtained immediately. If the child is properly encouraged, encouraged to do a successful job, the student will want to attend lessons again and again.

Annually, the national methods of education are being improved. In many educational institutions today it was decided not to give marks for the work of children of the first class. The results are already noticeable. Adaptation of children to the conditions of the school is less painful.

How can a teacher help a child?

The first teacher is that person, with the help of which the child gets used to new conditions for himself. According to a special program, the child is adapted to school. Methods are developed taking into account the psychological and age characteristics of students. The teacher can judge the degree of adaptation thanks to special tests that can be conducted on one of the class hours. To get a clearer picture, testing should be done at the end of the first quarter of the training:

1. The "Paints" method. The teacher distributes the markers or paints to children, as well as sheets of paper, which show subjects related to certain lessons (figure - mathematics, pen - letter, brush - drawing, accordion - singing, etc.). Students are encouraged to decorate the drawings. If the baby stains a certain object in a dark color, this indicates the possible difficulties associated with it. The methodology allows you to determine the progress of each child in one direction or another.
2. "What I like in school". Teacher suggests drawing a drawing on a given topic. The image shows the psychological state of the child. Pay attention to the guys whose drawings are far from school life. A teacher with a pointer, a school board on the images can talk about a high level of educational motivation.
3. Methodology "The sun, the cloud, the rain." Students are given leaflets, which depict the described weather phenomena. The teacher offers to describe the state in school, at home, with friends. The child is circling the drawing you like. Thus, the teacher determines which children have already fully adapted to school life (circled the sun).

At the end of the first quarter, a small questionnaire can be conducted. Answers to the questions will help to identify the level of adaptation of each child in the class. The questions can be:

1. Do you like school?
2. If you were told that tomorrow you do not need to attend classes, would you come to school?
3. Do you like your classmates?
4. Would you like another teacher to work with you?
5. Are you happy when you cancel your lessons?
6. Are you friends with many classmates?
7. Would you like the changes to be longer and the lessons shorter?

To get honest answers to the questions, the questionnaire should invite the children to fill in the houses, together with their parents. Having identified the level of adaptation in the classroom, the teacher chooses a further work strategy. Practice shows that by the end of the first quarter, 90% of the guys are already fully adapting to the new conditions.

Game as a way of adaptation

For children who only adapt to new conditions, it is important to present new information in an interesting form for them. It is no accident that the first lessons in many educational institutions take place in the form of a game. The most difficult task for any first-grader is to sit out the whole lesson in its place. 40 minutes seem like an eternity. The game "The diligent pupil" will come to the aid. The guys are offered to represent high school students who know how to behave in school. And that the game was interesting to kids, it is desirable to include the competitive moment. At the end of the lesson, the teacher indicates the most diligent students who are awarded prizes.

Psychological adaptation of the child to the school will be easier if the kid is familiar with classmates. Therefore, the school team is advised to conduct an interesting event before the start of the academic year in an informal setting. Ideal - a hike. During fun games in nature, kids can get acquainted. Parents, in turn, will have the opportunity to communicate with the teacher.

What can parents do?

To a child who is just starting school at school, moral support is very important. The adaptation of the little pupil to the new conditions depends on how correctly the moms and dads behave. It is worth supporting the baby in any of his endeavors and in no case to scold for failure. Never compare a child with other students. It is necessary to make sure that the student is guided by his own result. For example, if today the son made only two mistakes in his homework, and yesterday there were three of them, this is a real success, which is worth noting!

What else should parents do? The work on the adaptation of children to school is based on the formation of a certain regime of the day. It is necessary to teach the crumb to go to bed in time to get up without problems in the morning. Haste - additional stress for the baby. The child must know exactly the order of actions. In the morning - in school, at lunch - homework, in the evening - in time to sleep, and on weekends you can have fun with your parents.

The motivation of the child to study school subjects also partially falls on the shoulders of the parents. Mom should explain what it is worth to learn English ("You will learn and we will travel without problems"), mathematics ("You can count how many toys you have"), reading ("You can read the biggest fairy-tale yourself").

Medical recommendations

Adaptation of children to school affects the work of the immune system of students. Particularly difficult is for children who have not previously attended pre-school. Kids begin to ache often, skip lessons. This affects the psychological adaptation. Frequent omissions lead to the fact that the child does not manage to establish communication in the team. How to deal with this? The pediatrician who will write out the suitable imunnostimulating drug will help to solve the problem. Self-medication can not be done.

Reduce the incidence of disease will be possible if the cabinet of first-graders in school will be placed in a separate unit, where the children contact only with teachers and peers. The state of health is also affected by the regime of the day. If a separate room is allocated, it will be possible to reduce the lessons in the first quarter to 35 minutes. Classes must be held in the morning. At this time, the guys are very active. The ability to organize a day's sleep is a huge plus. Children 6 years is still very important rest in the afternoon. Thus, it is possible to restore brain activity, as well as physical activity.

Signs of successful adaptation

How to understand that the adaptation of children to the school is going right? This can be said by the following signs:

• The child comes from school cheerful, tells about impressions for a day;
• The baby has new friends;
• Homework is done without tears and tension;
• The kid is upset if for a number of reasons he has to stay at home, and not go to school;
• The child sleeps well, quickly falls asleep, without problems wakes up in the morning.

The presence of at least several of the above signs indicates that the adaptation of the child at school normally takes place. 1 class can be full of vivid impressions and memories. But, unfortunately, cloudless adaptation is not always for all the guys. If the baby does not sleep well, comes tired of school, complains about the lack of friends, it is worth consulting with the teacher. Children with a severe degree of adaptation need the help of a psychologist.

Summarize

The pedagogical adaptation of the child to the school will pass quickly and painlessly with the proper interaction of teachers and parents. Success in many ways depends on the emotional state of the baby. A nice team at school, warm communication in the family circle - all this will lead to the solution of the task. The child adapts to the new conditions as quickly as possible and will accept the educational institution as part of his life.