Russian tsars. Chronology. The Russian kingdom

"Russian kingdom" - the official name of the Russian state, which existed for a relatively short time - only 174 years, which met the time interval between 1547 and 1721. In this period, the country was ruled by kings. Not princes, not emperors, but Russian tsars. Each reign was a definite stage in the historical development of Russia. The list of reigns as separate events in their time sequence is presented in the table "Russian Tsars: The Chronology of the Reigns (1547-1721)".

The acceptance of the title of Tsar John IV was caused by the need to weaken the autocracy of the boyars. The wedding on the kingdom, held on January 16, 1547, included the ecclesiastical blessing and the imposition of royal regalia on the receiving dignity. To the regalia, the signs of the royal rank belonged to the Cross of the Life-Creating Tree, barms - a kind of necklace of large plaques, a hat of Monomakh. Henceforth, the Grand Dukes of Moscow, in all official papers, became known as kings, and all Russian tsars were obliged to observe the rite of consecration for the kingdom in Russia, which was conducted "according to the ancient Tsaregrad situation."

Russian tsars in the majority were representatives of two dynastic lines: Rurikovich (till 1598) and Romanovs (since 1613). Relatively short period from the end of the XVI century. By 1613 the Russian throne was occupied by the so-called non-dynastic kings: Boris Godunov, False Dmitry, Vasily Shuisky. To convince the people of their right to reign, each of them tried to give the wedding ceremony to the kingdom a special solemnity, supplementing the rite of the wedding with new actions. So, Boris Godunov, in addition to the usual regalia, was given a power - a golden ball with a cross, which affirms the triumph of Christianity over the world. The history of a new dynasty of Russian tsars, and later of the emperors of the All-Russian, began in 1613 with the accession of Mikhail Fedorovich , a representative of the Russian boyar family of the Romanovs. The next king was Alexei Mikhailovich. Then followed the 6-year period of the reign of his son - Fedor Alekseevich, who was not very strong. After the death of Fyodor Alekseevich in 1862, a unique joint coronation of John and Peter took place, also the sons of Alexei Mikhailovich. In 1721, Peter I was destined to take the title of the first Emperor of All Russia. After 1721, Russian tsars remained so in the popular consciousness ("the tsar-father", "queen mother"), but in all official documents they were emperors (empresses). At the time when the last Russian tsar - Peter I - assumed the imperial title, the history of the Russian (Russian) kingdom was completed.