Roosevelt Franklin: biography, nationality, activity. President Roosevelt and Women

Whatever you may say, it is difficult to underestimate the role of the individual in history . This applies to all states, not just ours, without exception. Not in this respect is something special, and the United States. One of the outstanding American figures was Roosevelt Franklin. The biography of this man shows how much a statesman can do when he finds himself in the right place at the right time.

Basic information

Roosevelt Franklin is the 32nd President of the United States (since 1933), who was a candidate for the Democratic Party. Known for complex reforms, which were called the "New Deal". It was the Roosevelt government in 1933 that established normal diplomatic relations with the USSR. What else is Roosevelt Franklin famous for? His biography confirms that from the very first days of Germany's attack on the Soviet Union he fervently advocated the creation of a working anti-Hitler coalition. Attached great importance to the diplomatic relations between the victorious states.

More to us will tell you about how Roosevelt Franklin lived his life, a biography. His nationality (and Roosevelt's ancestors were Dutch Jews) suggests that this was a thoughtful, enterprising, intelligent and pragmatic person. Is it so? To answer the question, it is necessary to trace the whole life path of Franklin.

The beginning of the life path

The future American president was born on January 30, 1882. The birthplace is New York. He is Aquarius by the sign of the Zodiac. Until now, he is the unofficial leader in the list of all US presidents, since he held this post for four consecutive terms. By the way, this record will never be beaten. Why? It's simple. Two years after Roosevelt's death, another amendment to the Constitution was adopted, which explicitly prohibited running for president for the third time in a row.

In the US, his name is firmly associated with the Second World War, the creation of an anti-Hitler coalition, and the creation and implementation of the New Deal, which made the situation of American workers much easier.

A family

The family of James Roosevelt, in which Franklin was born, was old and rich. Their ancestors sailed from Holland back in the 1740s. Theodore and Franklin Roosevelt are just two presidents, which America received thanks to this respectable family. The father of Franklin owned large blocks of shares of many mining companies in the state.

Sarah Delano, his mother, also came from a rich family with long-standing aristocratic roots. It is for this reason that little Roosevelt each summer took long sea voyages, during which the family visited virtually the whole of Europe. At the same time, Franklin "fell ill" by the sea, the craving for which preserved his entire subsequent life.

Getting an education

Up to the age of 14, he received education at home. From 1896 to 1899, he studied at an elite school located in Groton, Massachusetts. From 1900 to 1904, Roosevelt was educated at Harvard, who graduated with a bachelor's degree. From 1905 to 1907, Roosevelt (a short biography is described by us in the article) was practicing at the Columbia Law University, which gave him the right to independently practice advocacy. It is not surprising that, after graduation, the future president "moved" on Wall Street.

In 1907, he married Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (1884-1962), who was very close relative to Franklin. In this marriage, six children were born, but one of them died in infancy. His wife played a very significant role in the life of Franklin, since after 1921, when he became ill with polio and was, in fact, an invalid, she took on a huge amount of clerical work.

How did the career of politics begin?

How did Franklin get into big politics? His biography in this role begins with the fact that in 1910 he accepted an offer from the Democratic Party and successfully ran for the post of senator of his native state. In 1912 he actively supports the contender for the post of US President Thomas Woodrow Wilson. When he was in the chair of the head of state, he offered Franklin a good post in the Ministry of the Navy. Soon he moves to Washington.

Until 1921, he holds a policy in this post, which will then become America's "calling card." Strengthening the fleet, active foreign policy and diplomatic contacts - it was his "horse".

Failures and disease

In 1914, Roosevelt (a brief biography given in this article) makes an attempt to assume the post of senator in Congress, but it fails. In 1920, he raises the bar, trying to get into the presidency. His "partner" was J. Cox. But the Democratic Party during this period is defeated, and the disease condemns Roosevelt to a forced break in work.

Way to success

But in 1928, when Franklin managed to become the governor of an influential native state, his career drastically went uphill. On this post he stayed at once two terms, having received the most valuable skills, many useful to him during his work as president. In 1931, when the economic situation in the country became very difficult, the future head of state "rose" quite well to organize gratuitous assistance to the unemployed and starving. By that time, his popularity with ordinary voters has increased, with whom the President subsequently holds regular conversations.

The White house

In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt (a brief biography of him is described in our article), which really helped the population in the period 1929-1933. (Great Depression), in general, could easily get around Hoover, which could not lead the country out of such a difficult period. It was then that Franklin announced a plan for comprehensive reforms, which later became known as the "New Deal". He is still studying in American schools and higher education institutions as an example of a correct, literate and adaptive economic policy.

First reforms

In just the first hundred days of his presidency, he conducted a number of extremely important and really useful reforms. First, the entire banking system was completely restored. Secondly, a special law was adopted, guaranteeing assistance to all people who are below the poverty line. Farm debt was fully refinanced, and a law was adopted to restore the agricultural sector, which included not only the control of the state over the volume of output, but also the sending of targeted assistance to the most needy producers.

Roosevelt himself considered the most successful and promising transformation of the measures taken to restore industrial potential. In addition, in 1935 he carries out a whole complex of laws that regulate almost all aspects of the social and business life of the country.

In 1936, he won an impressive victory in the elections, with a wide margin bypassing all his competitors. It is for this reason that he applies in 1937-1938. Considerable efforts to maintain the labor sphere, "working out" the limit of confidence of their voters. What did Roosevelt Franklin do in this period? His biography shows that all these innovations met with serious resistance from the big industrialists. They did not like the "excessive" social guarantees that the state gave to the poor and vulnerable groups of the population.

What else did Roosevelt Franklin (biography) impress with his compatriots? Women in his life, for example, played not the last role (it is worth remembering only his active wife). Not surprisingly, during the presidency of Roosevelt, the whole beautiful half of the country began to worship. The fact is that it was this president who began to pursue a policy of equal rights and equal payments to women in industry, the army, and other structures. However, he cared for all categories of the population, regardless of gender differences.

In particular, in August 1935 he signed a resonant law on social insurance, which provides for guaranteed payments of two types at once: for non-availability (in all cases) and for medical services. Up to that time, nothing like this existed in the country of the "American dream", and it was almost impossible to get high-quality medical care for a person who did not have a decent amount on the account.

Prewar policy

This is the most controversial period of his reign. On the one hand, Franklin Roosevelt, whose brief biography is given here, behaved like a realist. On the other hand, he acted very infantile and hesitant, obviously fearing the negative reaction of his proteges from the industrial and financial circles. Strangely enough, it was this politician who established quite friendly diplomatic relations with the USSR in 1933. Even in Latin America, he pursued a policy of "good neighborhood", almost the first time in the history of the United States, talking with politicians of these countries on an equal footing.

But this is only one side of the coin. The fact is that he avoided the aggravation of the processes in every possible way. Simply put, his international policies differed in their desire to avoid all really difficult situations, and often Roosevelt, whose biography impresses with its "turns", did not make any distinction between victims and aggressors.

However, it was he who, after the atrocities committed by the Japanese army in China (that was in 1937), began to insist on the complete international isolation of those countries that conduct military operations with such cruelty and millions that destroy civilians. But few Western politicians at that time showed any interest in events that developed so far in the East. This allowed Japan to strengthen its position to the maximum, and Hitler provided significant assistance to Mikado.

For example, it was because of his policy of exclusion and non-interference that the legitimate governments of Italy and Spain at one time were deprived of the opportunity to purchase weapons. Only when a fire broke out in Europe, he abolished his embargo. But there is no need to look for excessive altruism: simply in this case, America could have gained much more money by selling weapons to all sides of conflicts simultaneously. How did Roosevelt behave during the Second World War? His biography, and in this case contains a lot of curious moments.

The Second World War

In 1940, he once again wins the election, after which the military aid to the UK is gaining momentum. At the beginning of the next year, he signs a resolution on "Mutual assistance", which, among other things, introduces the concept of Lend-Lease. It was at his expense that the Soviet Union was provided with an interest-free loan of one billion dollars.

Historians are still arguing how much this money and supplies played in the Soviet Union's struggle against the fascist aggressor, but in any case it was real and tangible assistance that significantly strengthened the relations between the two countries at the most difficult time for us.

What is Lend-Lease?

By the way, what does the term "Lend-Lease" in general mean? This is the system by which debt payments of arms, food, ammunition, raw materials, etc. are carried on. Officially, deliveries were made to all countries that were members of the anti-Hitler coalition. Unofficially, loans were issued to Hitler's Germany, and Krupp's factories were refurbished with this money.

President Roosevelt, whose biography we are considering, tried to limit himself as long as possible to the policy of "skimming the cream", sending convoys to Europe. This continued until the autumn of 1941, when in the coastal areas, German boats began to notice more and more often. Then a policy was proclaimed, which later became known as "Undeclared War".

It is then that the US allows weapons to be placed on their ships, gives them the right to pass through areas directly affected by the war, and declares that all German and Italian vessels appearing in the American zone of responsibility will be shelled and sunk.

The attack of Japan

When did Roosevelt, whose biography is interesting to many, proceed to more active actions? Perhaps he would have ripened to the section of the "European Pie" only in 1944, but then Mikado played his role.

In early December 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in the Pacific Ocean. It must be said that for the president himself this event turned out to be an extremely unpleasant surprise, as he tried all ways, if not to prevent, then to delay the war with Japan. Already on December 8, the US declared war on Japan, and in a few days - Germany, Italy and other allies of the fascist regimes.

Biography F. Roosevelt at this time is poorly covered, since he worked hard, assuming, in accordance with the Constitution, the post of Commander-in-Chief. Roosevelt worked hard and in the field of creating an anti-Hitler coalition.

Waiting and Real Action

Alas, most of this work was of a purely paper character. None of the members of this coalition, except for the USSR alone, did not conduct large-scale military operations against the fascists. The United Kingdom accepted Rudolf Hess at all, the details of the negotiations with which are still the greatest mystery of those times.

On January 1, 1942, a declaration was signed, which initiated the creation of the UN. But it did not go further than this: the Second Front, which Stalin repeatedly asked, the US president and his allies did not hurry to open. When did Roosevelt, whose brief biography you already know, still change his mind?

Only after the USSR broke the backbone of the armored power of Germany, destroying its impact core at Kursk, only after Stalingrad, in which the Paulus army was grinded, did he begin to take the Soviet Union seriously and realized that it would be necessary to talk with the Russians even after the war. At a conference in Tehran, he no longer supported Churchill, who with all his strength "denied" the start of the military operation in Europe.

Meeting in Tehran

For the first time, Roosevelt presented his vision for the development of the world in the post-war period at a conference in Quebec (1943). He called the US, the USSR, China and Britain "policemen of the world" responsible for maintaining a normal world order. In Tehran, FD Roosevelt, whose brief biography you already certainly understand, also continued his discussion of this question with Stalin and Churchill.

In 1944, Franklin was reelected for the fourth consecutive term. His speech at the Crimean Conference in Yalta played an important role in the post-war arrangement of the world. His realistic position on this subject was caused, if one looks broadly, as a successfully continued offensive by the Soviet troops in Eastern Europe, and by a desire to involve the Soviet Union in the procedure of "solving the Japanese question." In addition, he showed Stalin in such a way that the United States is interested in further cooperation in many spheres, including the military.

After Yalta, he makes himself known about his old illness and general overwork, accumulated for all military hard times. Despite this, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, whose biography in our article is already coming to an end, continued to intensively prepare for the conference. She had to go to San Francisco. But this was not meant to come true.

On April 12, 1945, this distinguished politician died of a cerebral hemorrhage. He was buried in his native Hyde Park. Americans zealously honor the memory of this president, placing him on a par with Lincoln and Washington. It should be specially emphasized that Franklin Delano Roosevelt, whose brief biography we have examined, has done a lot to normalize relations between the two countries. And it's not his fault that his descendants, with the exception of Kennedy, adhered to dangerously tough beliefs that could repeatedly lead to an atomic war.

Roosevelt was remembered by many as an unusually pragmatic, but at the same time a firm politician. He always tried to find a common language even with those whom he did not fully understand, and preferred the world to a "glorious fight". It was his reign that was marked by the solution of many social problems and contradictions, which are more and more clearly marked in the modern US again.