Rivers and lakes of the Moscow region. Lakes of Moscow and Moscow region

The nature of the Moscow region has transformed several generations. Each of them adjusted to the changes and continued to "correct" it in its own way. Such human activity did not remain without consequences. Today it can be observed in the changed forests, in the drying up rivers and springs, in frequent droughts and sharp cold snaps.

Fauna

The rivers and lakes of the Moscow region in the recent past were very rich in fish. They contained sterlet, white fish, sturgeon. But the factories and plants polluted the reservoirs, poisoned the fish. As a result of unreasonable use of rivers, the region's fish stocks are depleted.

Recently, measures have been taken to contribute to the replenishment of fish stocks - the cleaning of rivers, the ban on fishing nets, a serious fight against poachers. Millions of fry of carp, pike perch and other fish species are released into the rivers and lakes of the Moscow region.

This work yielded positive results. Today in the reservoirs of the region there are about fifty species of fish. These are tench, crucian carp, roach, pike, chub, pike perch, ide, carp, gudgeon and others. In addition, they began to plant mirror carp and trout.

Recreation

Great importance of water in the Moscow region as a place of recreation for citizens and guests of the capital. Every year thousands of Muscovites spend their vacations in the bosom of picturesque nature. Lakes of the Moscow region, recreation on the banks of which has become very comfortable, thanks to the recreation bases built here, have become a favorite place for many people. Today there are modern sanatoriums, boarding houses.

In summer, on the banks of the reservoirs, recreation camps for children are created, kindergartens and day nurseries are brought here.

State of rivers

The most vulnerable are the small rivers around Moscow. They are the first to react to the rash human economic activity - plowing, deforestation, irrigation, drainage. They have a lower ability to self-purification, more often and faster contaminate.

At present there are 4312 rivers in the region. All of them (except the Moskva River) are small. Still one and a half centuries ago the rivers were on 25% more, and judging by historical materials, springs were twice more than today. Thick broad-leaved oak groves, in which grew linden and elm, maple and ash, having a developed root system, retained rain water. It went deeper into the soil, but did not run down its surface. This provided floods of rivers, prevented spring floods.

Moscow River

This is the real pride of the capital. Its length is 502 km. It originates in the swamp, which is surrounded by hills, 500 m from the village of Starkove (Mozhaisk district). The mouth of the river is not far from Kolomna.

The river flows through very picturesque places. They are especially beautiful in the vicinity of Mozhaisk and Zvenigorod. The steep banks with centuries-old pine trees and birches create a unique landscape. Often, these places are called "Moscow suburbs of Switzerland."

This river flows into 362 small rivers and more than five hundred streams. It feeds on thawed snow (61%), rain (12%) and ground (27%) waters. In early April, the river is opened. The water rises 2 m in the upper reaches, in the lower reaches - up to 8 m. The ice-break is short - not more than 5 days.

Large left tributaries - Istra, Ruza, Pekhorka, and the right - Koloch and Parkha. Almost in the center of the city the river receives the left tributary - Yauza.

The Moscow River plays a big role in the city's water supply. At the very beginning of the 20th century a dam with filters was built in Rublev, which cleans the water. A water protection zone has been created here.

Today in the water supply of the capital plays a huge role of reservoirs that were created in the basin of the Moskva River (Mozhaiskoye and Istra). Now several new complexes are being developed.

Lakes of the Moscow region

In the suburbs there are many lakes. Most of them are located in the northern and western regions of the region. To date, 350 lakes have been registered. Some lakes of the Moscow region are of glacial origin. They are mainly located on the Klin-Dmitrov Upland (Nerskoe, Trostenskoye, Dolgoe, Krugloe, etc.). More extensive, but not so deep, lakes are in the Mescher lowland, in the marshes (Holy, Black, Oak, Karasev, Great).

Today, in many agricultural enterprises of the Moscow region, pond farming is actively developing. Here, waterfowl and fish are bred. Such pond farms are in Tsaritsyn, in Zagorsk (Ptitsegrad). These ponds are a favorite holiday destination - in the summer you can go boating or fishing. Water from ponds is used to irrigate gardens and gardens, and the silt located on the bottom is a good fertilizer.

Lakes of Noginsk district

In the Noginsk district, in the east of the region, there is a whole network of reservoirs. These lakes of the Moscow region are contemporaries of the glacial period. They are surrounded by woodlands, in which there are many mushrooms and berries. There are a lot of fish in the lakes, waterbirds live along the shores. Occasionally a hunter or fisherman appears here who likes peace and quiet.

Lakes of this group belong to two basins - the rivers of Dubna and Sherna. It is White, Vjunovo, Borovoye, Svetloe. To the basin of Dubna are such lakes of the Moscow region: Gray, Tonitskoye, Chernoye, Mochino and Teploe. Some of them produce peat.

Lakes of the Moscow region: Ramensky district

On the territory of this region there are many water bodies of natural origin. One of them is Lake Borisoglebskoye, located on the territory of the city of Ramenskoye. The first information about him refers to the times of the oprichnina of the mighty Ivan the Terrible. The name of this reservoir is associated with the names of the first Russian saints - princes Gleb and Boris, killed by order of Svyatopolk.

Lake of Senegal

It is located near the town of Solnechnogorsk. It is considered the largest lake in the Moscow region. This is the most beautiful corner of nature. It has long been chosen by the Muscovite fishermen. The picturesque green of its banks caresses the eyes. The lake is surrounded by dense groves, in which you can find bright, flower-covered lawns. In spring and autumn, migratory water birds stop on the shores of the lake.

Lake Glubokoe

In the Ruza district, among the swamp forests, 20 km to the north of Tuchkovo station, there is a small lake Glubokoe, the area of which is about 55 hectares. It is located in the basin. In the eastern part its depth reaches 38 m.

Not all lakes of the Moscow region are so deep, therefore its name is justified.

At the bottom of it were found blue clays and large boulders. This indicates the glacial origin of the reservoir. The banks were covered with reeds and various bushes. From the lake flows a small river Malaya Istra.

Deep is famous for its large number of fish, so fishermen from all over the region come here. Here is the hydrobiological station of Moscow State University. She studies the lakes of the Moscow region for further settling of their various fish.

Ozery

It is located on the banks of the Oka, 155 km from the capital; Lake of the Moscow region from the south is washed by the Oka. The remaining sides are covered by mixed forests. There are often pine forests, birch groves.

The city was named after the first settlement - the village of Ozerki - and the natural reservoir - Lake Nizhne. In general, there were about 50 such reservoirs in the Oka floodplain.

The lakes of Moscow and the Moscow region are a great gift of nature, which we must cherish so that the next generation can admire its beauty.