Republic of Ingushetia: population. Population of Ingushetia. Number of poor population in Ingushetia

The smallest region of Russia is Ingushetia. In addition, it is the youngest subject of the Russian Federation. However, the history of these lands goes back to ancient times. The population of Ingushetia is the subject of our story. The republic ranks 74th in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of inhabitants and differs from other regions in many demographic and socio-economic indicators.

Geographical position

The Republic of Ingushetia is located in the North Caucasus. It borders on Georgia, North Ossetia, Stavropol Krai and the Chechen Republic. The region is located on the north side of the Caucasian ridge, in the foothills zone. The length of the Caucasus Mountains on the territory of the republic is about 150 km. The relief of Ingushetia is due to its location, mountainous parts with deep gorges and peaks in the south prevail here, the north of the region is occupied by steppe regions.

The republic has significant fresh water reserves, its rivers belong to the Terek river basin . The largest river of water in Ingushetia is the Sunzha River.

Soils of the republic are predominantly chernozem, and this allows you to cultivate almost any agricultural crops here.

About 140 hectares of the region are covered by deciduous forests, such valuable tree species as oak, platan, beech grow in them.

The bowels of Ingushetia are rich in minerals. There are deposits of marble, oil, gas, limestone. The republic has a worldwide reputation for its mineral waters such as "Borjomi".

Climate and ecology

The Republic of Ingushetia is located in the zone of favorable high-mountainous continental climate. The weather varies depending on the height of the terrain. Steppe territories are characterized by a long warm summer and a short mild winter. In the highlands, winter lasts longer and can be quite severe. The temperature in winter is on average around -3 ... + 6 degrees. In summer, the average values are from 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. As we can see, the population of Ingushetia lives in very favorable conditions, the nature here is not only beautiful, but also favorable to a person.

Since the Caucasus is quite old, there is relatively low seismicity here, so the main danger from the mountains is avalanches and landslides. The environmental situation in Ingushetia is quite favorable, there are few industrial enterprises, and therefore there is not a lot of emissions on Wednesday. Damage to nature is caused by people, primarily tourists, as well as oil companies. But while the level of cleanliness of water and air does not cause special concern among environmentalists.

History of settlement

People lived in Ingushetia from the Paleolithic era. Ingush is an ancient nation of the Caucasian race. The people were formed on the basis of local tribes and numerous ethnic influences. For many long years, there were several significant archaeological cultures. The immediate ancestors of modern Ingush are representatives of the Koban culture. The tribes living in these territories had several names: dzurzuketia, sanars, troglodytes. The fertile lands of Ingushetia were constantly attracting conquerors, so the local peoples had to build fortresses and towers for defense.

But the powerful states of the neighbors are gradually pushing the Ingush into the mountains. Only in the 17th century they manage to return to the plain. At the same time, Islam comes to these lands, which gradually becomes the dominant religion. At the end of the 18th century, Ingushetia is part of the Russian Empire. At the beginning of the 19th century, Nazran fortress was laid, which was rebuilt by six of the largest Ingush families who swore allegiance to the Russian tsar. In 1860, the Terek Republic was established here, which became after 1917 the Mountain Republic. During the Second World War, the authorities decided to deport the local population due to the growth of bandit formations. In 1965, the Chechen-Ingush Republic was created. After the collapse of the USSR as a result of complex processes, the Republic of Ingushetia was formed. Then the population of Ingushetia was small, but gradually the people consolidated around their historical territories and began to build their state.

Population dynamics of Ingushetia

Since 1926, regular counts of the number of residents of the republic begin. Then there lived 75 thousand people. As a result of the unification of a large number of territories into the republic in 1959, the number of the population of Ingushetia increased to 710,000, and by 1970 it had reached one million. In 1989 there were 1.2 million people in the republic. After the collapse of the USSR and gaining independence, the number of residents fell sharply to 189,000 people. From this time, the gradual population growth begins, the republic even managed to overcome crisis years with almost no problems. Today the population of Ingushetia is 472 thousand people.

Administrative division and distribution of the population

The republic is divided into 4 districts: Nazranovsky, Sunzhensky, Djeirakh and Malgobek, and also includes 4 cities of republican subordination: Magas, Karabulak, Nazran and Malgobek. Since the final area of the republic is not defined in connection with the territorial conflict with North Ossetia and the unconfirmed border with Chechnya, it is usual in statistics to indicate an approximate size of 3,685 square kilometers. Km. The population density is 114 people per 1 sq. Km. Km. The most populated is the Sunzhenskaya Valley, where the density reaches 600 people per 1 sq. Km. Km. Ingushetia differs from many regions in that more than half of the population lives in villages.

Economy and standard of living

Ingushetia is a region with an underdeveloped economy, large federal subsidies come here, which ensure the stability of the region. The industry is poorly developed in the republic, it is mainly represented by the extractive industry. Most of the population works in agriculture and in the public sector. Today, the number of the poor in Ingushetia is growing, as production is declining. The region has adopted a special program to support 5,000 disabled people and 28,000 large families. The Republic of Ingushetia, whose population is experiencing difficulties with employment, has an unemployment rate of 14%, which is by Russian standards a lot. It is especially difficult to find work for young people with higher education, since the production sphere is in stagnation.