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Reconnaissance of the terrain is what?

представляет собой предварительное изучение территории. Reconnaissance of the terrain is a preliminary study of the territory. It is advisable to carry out it after selecting the area according to the basic cartographic sources. Prior to the study, a topographic base is prepared. At the same time, a larger area is captured than the studied territory. . Let us consider further how and why reconnaissance of terrain in geodesy is carried out.

General information

обеспечивает определение четких пределов района, который будет нанесен на карту. Conducting reconnaissance ensures the determination of clear limits of the area, which will be plotted on the map. In this case, performers take into account:

  1. The actual state of the access roads.
  2. The value of territory for orientation.
  3. Rational configuration of the working field on the map.

Specificity

предполагает выполнения разных работ. Geodesy of the site involves the implementation of various works. During the study of the territory, the head of the executive group should form an idea of the territory and features of its landscape. On the photo from the topographic base (reduced to a size of 1: 20000), it is recommended to draw a diagram of open large spaces (pastures, cuttings, etc.), glades, power lines, roads. The area is given a generalized characteristic. The territory is described in terms of the complexity of mapping and orientation interest. As a rule, these parameters are directly proportional. предполагает оценку проходимости растительности, болот и пр. На данной стадии обычно формируются критерии генерализации разных ландшафтных компонентов, выполняется их разделение по градациям. Also, site geodesy involves assessing the patency of vegetation, marshes, etc. At this stage, usually the criteria for the generalization of different landscape components are formed, and their gradation is graded. The group leader makes a decision to transfer micro objects to the map. , целесообразно выполнить совместную корректировку небольшой площади всеми исполнителями работ. If the rugged terrain is studied, it is advisable to perform a joint adjustment of a small area by all contractors. This will allow us to work out a unified approach to the mapping and selection of generalization boundaries. The obtained results will be used in the basis of TOR. , болотистый район и пр.) позволят верно оценить трудоемкость последующих мероприятий и разработать их реальный график. The idea of the nature of the territory (a rugged terrain , a marshy area, etc.) will allow us to correctly estimate the labor intensity of the follow-up activities and develop their real timetable.

Quality of topographic base

His assessment is an important task of the work. выполняется параллельно с анализом качества топоосновы. The reconnaissance of the terrain is carried out in parallel with the analysis of the quality of the topographic base. In this case, a predominantly visual method is used. But for strict accuracy it is recommended to perform several test measurements. It is advisable to combine this procedure with the recognition of points to which the elevation marks are indicated on the topographic base, and also by determining the heights for the horizontal surfaces present in the territory.

Measurements

For plain rivers and lakes, the difference of no more than 0.3 5-meter section will be considered satisfactory. In such a situation, the average of arithmetic measurements can serve as the height of the surface. покажет разницу высот точек болота больше 1, и этот параметр согласуется с характером рельефа, объект не горизонтальный. If a survey of the terrain reveals a difference in heights of the swamp points greater than 1, and this parameter is consistent with the nature of the relief, the object is not horizontal. Accordingly, the surface can not be used as a base for leveling. When using water cuts, it must be remembered that their indicators correspond to the lowest level. Their measurement is made in August.

Nuances of the topostructure

должна обеспечить формирование полного представления о том, какие точки, контуры и линейные ориентиры могут использоваться как твердые параметры. The reconnaissance of the terrain should ensure the formation of a complete picture of which points, contours and linear landmarks can be used as solid parameters. They call points having a reliable altitude, planned (or both, and simultaneously) position within the accuracy of the basic cartographic material. не позволяет дать оценку всем точкам и ориентирам и установить, твердые они все или нет. Obviously, the reconnaissance of the terrain does not allow assessing all points and landmarks and establish whether they are solid or not. At first, such marks are checked, for which a more reliable position is more probable (in accordance with the nature of the creation and the properties of the topographic base).

Additionally

In the course of reconnaissance of the terrain, a decision is made on the necessity of forming a survey. If it needs to be created, its appearance is determined. A plan is also drawn up for its laying in the territory, solid marks are selected, to which the justification will be attached. The survey results are drawn up with a working card. It describes the objects and diagrams. Part of the information should also be reflected on the original topographic basis. Solid marks can be marked in red. If necessary, it is allowed to use the notation (numeric or alphabetic). Some information can be reflected in the help.

Warfare

The reconnaissance is performed to clarify the decision taken on the map. For the planned implementation of the activities, the headquarters should plan their plan in advance. To this end, the commander of the regiment (division) gives instructions to the chief about the order and time of work in the territory. They define:

  1. The beginning and the end of the reconnaissance.
  2. Execution points and tasks that will be addressed by them.
  3. Responsible employees who will be involved in the work, the composition of other groups.
  4. Terms of drawing up and submission of the plan.

Course of events

During the survey, the terrain is studied in the zone of the offensive. The commander assesses its impact on the implementation of combat missions. In addition, he clarifies:

  1. Presence and features of obstacles and obstacles.
  2. The enemy's front defensive edge.
  3. Supporting points.
  4. Location of firearms, anti-tank reserves.
  5. Open flanks.
  6. Weak and strong areas of defense.
  7. Stripe of offensive.
  8. Breakthrough sites.
  9. The direction of the main strike.
  10. Lines that differentiate the location of the regiments.
  11. Expectant and starting positions.
  12. Deployment, secure deletion, attack, etc.

Features of preparation

The rules for conducting reconnaissance, the content and number of issues to be resolved in the course of the work will depend on the availability of necessary time and other conditions of the situation. After the arrival of the group, the commander performs tactical and topographic orientation. He assigns marks along the lines to the depths and from the right to the left. In the course of tactical orientation, the commander can hear the reports of the commander ahead of the acting unit, the intelligence chief about the position of the enemy. After this, a consistent solution to the set tasks begins. When conducting reconnaissance, the commander is assisted by the chief of staff or his deputy. After the completion of activities, he travels to his subordinates. If the units are limited in time, the reconnaissance can be performed from two points simultaneously. In this situation, the commander exercises it in the direction of the main attack. The deputy commander in charge of the rear can reconnoitre in the area of the future location of the units.

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