Rails R 65: purpose, description, dimensions

The basis of the railway network of Russia is the rails P 65 - linear designs of the I-beam cross section, which serve to perceive loads from the rolling stock, their elastic "processing" and subsequent transfer to the support - sleepers. The characteristics of these "steel beams" are regulated by GOST P 8161-75. It establishes the design and dimensions of hardened and non-hardened rails and rail-type weaves of type P65.

Rails R 65

Any rails are designed to solve several problems. First, they perceive and transmit the train load. This is necessary to preserve the durability of both the road bed and the wheels. Secondly, they set the direction of movement of the rolling stock. And, finally, they create a platform with the least resistance for rolling the wheels. The contact surface of the working elements is several centimeters (3-5 depending on the class of the path). The field of application of the presented linear designs is quite extensive. Thus, the rails P 65, as well as the P50, P75, are used for laying the link and unbraced track of the wide track. They are also used for making point switches. In the latter case, linear products with a modified profile (PK65) are used.

Elements of rail

The R65 rails, like any other type, can not be called an ordinary I-beam. Specialists distinguish in its design a few conventional parts:

1. The head - its shape provides a reliable grip of the wheel of the rolling stock with the rail itself.
2. Sheika - resists bending loads, and also transfers them to the support of the upper structure of the path.
3. The sole - ensures the stability of the entire linear structure, distributes stresses across the entire surface of the sleeper. It consists of a right and left pen.

In addition, within the rail, two areas are located on the left and right side of the neck and occupy space from the lower edge of the head to the middle part of the sole. These are the so called left and right sinuses. They have wedge-shaped overlays that fasten the R 65 rails to each other on some sections of the track.

Dimensions of rail Р65

Few people wondered why the R 65 rail has this form. Meanwhile, each rounding radius, level platform and slopes were specially selected by trial or calculation to create optimal conditions for interaction with the rolling stock. Most of us know that the rail has a P 65 weight of 65 kg, which in fact is incorrect. The exact mass of the running meter is 64.72 kg. Other parameters have the following meaning:

• The radius of the head (R500) ensures the centering of the load, that is, makes the longitudinal axis of the wheel coincide with the axis of the rail;
• R80 creates a smooth transition to R15, which creates a tight contact with the crest of the wheel;
• The inclination of the head 1:20 corresponds to the slope of the ridge of the wheel, which is necessary for interfacing with the crest of the wheel;
• Radius R3 round the sharp edge of the head, which is done to eliminate stress concentrators;
• The transition radii R15 and R370 are introduced in order to ensure smooth coupling of the head to the neck and to eliminate areas with dangerous stresses;
• The transition radius R400 at the base of the neck is necessary for the smooth transfer of load to the sole;
• Slopes of the upper edge of the sole and lower part of the head are the same (1: 4), which is necessary for the installation of wedge-shaped linings that simultaneously protrude and spread out.

Every day, the R 65 rail is subjected to enormous loads. Its weight in the industry of Russia can not be underestimated. But if not for a special design, he could not cope with his task, quickly deformed and needed a replacement.

Rail Steel

All railway rails (Р 65, РК65, Р75, Р50) are made exclusively of rail steel. It has a high bending strength, hardness and wear resistance, which is achieved by a high content of carbon (0.82%) and the addition of alloying additives - manganese, vanadium, zirconium, silicon, titanium. M76VT is the main steel grade used in the production of rail lashings. Depending on the method of production, it can be the first (melted only in open-hearth furnaces) or the second group. Molded or rolled "billet" is a complex multi-stage heat treatment stage. In many respects, that is why the price on the rail R 65 is at such a high level - from 50 thousand rubles per ton.