Pronoun as part of speech

Pronouns do not have categorial semantics or grammatical formality, which would generalize them. For this reason they do not form a grammatical class either. However, according to tradition, the pronoun as a part of speech is singled out separately.

In linguistics there is still no unified opinion on this matter. For example, such linguists as LV Shcherba and AM Peshkovsky pronoun as part of speech do not consider.

In school practice, too, has its own characteristics. It does not include pronominal dialects, they are referred to proper dialects (there, here, as, there, so).

At the present stage, there are many descriptive grammars of the Russian language (even academic ones) in which, imitating VV Vinogradov, only that pronoun is considered as part of speech, which is related by use to the noun. These are the so-called pronominal nouns. In fact, their categories of number, case and gender do not exactly match. And declination models with nouns are generally different. Proposals with pronouns of this type (except for the words itself, one) are not connected, as a rule, with undefined definitions.

However, such an opinion as to which status the pronoun takes as a part of speech seems to be a little argumentative. The difference between pronominal nouns and proper nouns is an explanation. After all, the morphological categories of the latter are inseparable from the lexical meaning of words, and hence, they can not be fully realized in the other part of the speech.

Absolutely all pronominal words are combined into one lexical-semantic class. Each of them simultaneously applies to the class of pronouns, and to that part of speech that corresponds to its grammatical form. Accordingly, each of them has a pronominal value, and the significance of the categories of that part of the speech to which it refers.

Pronominal words have their own specifics:

1) They indicate signs and objects, but they are not called, that is, they have no real meaning.

2) A pronominal root, rather than a grammatical arrangement, determines the pronominal significance.

And one more feature makes it possible to distinguish them from other parts of speech. Their semantics are already by nature directed towards the "I", that is, the speaker's subject. This was pointed out in one of his works and AM Peshkovsky. He noted that in the Russian language there are parts that express the attitude of the speaker and the thinker to what he says and thinks about. Pronouns are initially focused on the speech situation. And those that relate to the first and second person, also call a direct participant in the conversation.

Based on the above signs, we can conclude that the pronouns constitute a certain group of words, which is almost not replenished, closed.

They unite and differ from other parts of speech and syntactic property. Pronouns serve as substitute words, do not have a permanent syntactic place. This means that they occupy the positions of other independent parts of speech.

Pronouns in colloquial speech are almost always distinguished by intonation. On the letter this is manifested by the arrangement of the corresponding punctuation marks. The most common is the spelling of dashes after personal pronouns when they perform the role of the subject in the sentence, and the nouns in the nominative are the role of the predicate. This happens in such cases:

1) If necessary, identify the pronoun logically: He is the culprit of that action!

2) When opposing: I cry, I suffer, and you - it's cold!

3) With the reverse construction of words: After all, this hero is me.

4) When the parts of the sentence are parallel in structure: We are the winners and the judges. For us - honor and triumph!