Power Adapter: Device Assignment and Classification

Almost every person today constantly uses such a device as a power adapter. And what is it and what is it for? The article describes power supplies. We will consider the purpose of these devices, their characteristics and types.

Power adapter and its purpose

Let's try to define this device. An adapter, or power supply, is an electronic device designed to generate an output voltage of a specified value and power. Household adapters convert the alternating electrical current of the network into a permanent one, which is necessary for equipment of various types. In the CIS countries the standard of electric networks is adopted: 220 V with a frequency of 50 Hz, however in other countries these parameters may be different. Accordingly, and the power adapter, released for such a country, will differ in operating input voltage. And what are these blocks for? Virtually all electronic equipment has an operating voltage in the range of 3-36 volts (sometimes there may be exceptions). After all, the operating range of most semiconductor components is set exclusively in low-voltage voltage. This is due to the fact that such elements are characterized by small overall dimensions, produce a small amount of heat during operation and have little energy consumption. The power adapter is needed to provide this technique with operating voltage. Much more economical is obtained for the equipment to produce a power supply than to develop a device that is powered directly from the 220 V network. For such devices, powerful radiators with large overall dimensions will be needed. As a result, the size and price of such products will grow substantially.

Adapter Classification

First of all, power supplies can be divided into two main groups: external and embedded. From the title it is easy to understand that the latter are in a single case with the main device. A good example of such an adapter can serve as a power supply for a personal computer, in which the device, although isolated in a separate unit, but located in a common housing. The external power supply unit is a constructive independent unit. For example, a charger for a mobile phone, laptop and so on. Another of the characteristics by which adapters are distinguished is the manufacturing technology. From this point of view, there are transformer and electronic (impulse) power supplies. The first are characterized by large dimensions and weight, simplicity, reliability, low cost and easy repair. Pulse devices, on the other hand, have small overall dimensions and low weight, but they are durable and stable in operation.

Types of power supplies

There are many private solutions for the implementation of power supplies. They will differ by the output voltage output , current , etc. The power adapter (universal) is also available, which is capable of producing several different voltage voltages. Such devices can be powered by various equipment. Universal units have on the case a mechanism for switching the nominal output voltage, and can also have a different type of plug-in type. Recently, the USB power adapter has been very popular. To this unit, you can connect a variety of devices that can be charged via a USB cable.

Conclusion

Thanks to a quality adapter, the equipment receives the required supply voltage, and the stability and duration of its operation depend on this.