Pigs: breeding at home as a business

One of the most productive types of farm animals are thoroughbred pigs. Breeding them at home is a very profitable and profitable business. At the moment, the Russian government pays great attention to the development of the country's agriculture. Therefore, having decided to start a business to grow these animals, one can hope, in particular, for the support of the state.

Organizational matters

Having decided to organize a large farm, the beginning entrepreneur will have to register his enterprise and pay taxes to the state. The most suitable way to organize in this case is likely to be an IP. This legal form does not require long and complicated registration, maintenance of accounting records, etc. Taxes in this case are usually paid according to a simplified scheme.

However, it is advisable to register a farm as an IP only if the entrepreneur is going to contain at least 100-200 pigs. In this case, you will have to hire workers, purchase a large quantity of equipment, inventory, etc. If you do not have too many livestock, registering the farm as an IP, and therefore paying taxes, is unprofitable. Without registration, such an enterprise is considered an ordinary household plot.

Preparatory work

Of course, breeding pigs as a small business will be successful only if properly organized. First of all, it is necessary to build a spacious room for the animals themselves, as well as accompanying outbuildings. For building IPs, at least 3 - for an adult livestock, young animals, as well as for machinery and equipment, will be required. In the usual household farming, you can do without a shed with a small farm.

What should be a barn

Pigs whose breeding at home will be successful only if they are arranged for a comfortable accomodation - animals are unpretentious, but they must still be kept clean and warm. When building a pigsty, the following points should be considered:

• You can build a shed from any materials. However, concrete and reinforced concrete for this purpose do not fit too well. These materials do not hold heat well, therefore, in winter the animals will be supercooled and sick.
• The floor of the barn must not be rigid. Otherwise, animals will damage their hooves and catch cold. Usually, the floor is made of an unedged, fairly thick board.
• The floors of the pigsty should have a slope for a urine drain of at least 5 cm per 2 linear meters. In the lowest part, near the wall, a gutter is installed to drain liquid out of the shed. Conditions for breeding pigs in terms of cleanliness must be observed necessarily. Otherwise, animals will become infected with infectious diseases.
• On the opposite wall are arranged machines for pigs. One head should account for about 3 square meters. Meters of area. Before the machines are installed drinking bowls and wooden or metal feeders, and inside of them is laid straw.
• Ceilings in a pigsty should not be higher than 2-2.5 m. Otherwise, it will be cold in the winter.
• A large paddock is arranged in front of the barn.

Contents and breeding of pigs: the choice of breed

So, the shed is built, the inventory is purchased, the feeders are knocked down and installed. What next? And further it will be necessary to take care of a choice of good manufacturers. First of all it is necessary to decide on the breed of animals. At the moment, there are simply a huge number.

In the direction of productivity, the domestic pig is classified into breeds - meat, meat, grease and greengrocer. The choice in this case depends mainly on the personal preferences of the farmer himself. Most of the owners of farms consider the most profitable breeding of pigs with so-called "marble" meat. It is much easier to sell this quality product. Such meat with a lot of fatty layers is distinguished by simply remarkable taste qualities, it is willingly bought by restaurants, canteens and ordinary people.

Of course, the breed must be adapted to the climatic conditions of the region where the farm will be located. For the middle strip of Russia , for example, landrace (meat), Siberian northern (universal), SM (meat), etc., are very suitable.

Feeding

Pigs, breeding at home which involves, among other things, the development of a suitable diet should receive a large amount of concentrated feed. Rapid weight gain and improved quality of meat is facilitated by the feeding of grains such as barley, rye and millet. Also, a very good solution is the introduction into the diet of animals of potatoes, peas, carrots, pumpkins, beets. More rarely, pigs are fed corn and buckwheat. Good results in terms of productivity can be achieved by introducing into the "menu" bran - wheat, barley, etc.

Significant deterioration of the taste of meat when feeding pigs with oats, pumice and soy. In this case, the fat loses density and quickly turns yellow when stored, and the meat turns loose and flabby. Therefore, such feeds are usually given to animals in very small quantities.

How do the matings

Breeding pigs as a small business requires the need for a constant update of the livestock. In place of grown up and downtrodden animals should come new. Therefore, further consider how and when the producer's mating is held, exactly how these animals multiply.

You can start pigs from about 8-10 months of age. In this case, one should take into account the fact that too young uterus brings a little piglets. So, six-month-old pigs usually give birth to about 8 cubs. One-year-olds are already about 10-12.

Success in mating these animals largely depends on how correctly the hunting period for the future uterus was determined. To its attributes include swelling and reddening of the genitals, the presence of outflows, anxiety and decreased appetite. When the peak of hunting is reached, the pig falls into a kind of "stupor". At this point, and should launch the boar. The period of hunting in pigs lasts from 1 to 3 days with a frequency of 17-24 days.

Pregnancy and offspring

The fodder of the domestic pig must only be of high quality and fresh. In the second half of the pregnancy, which in these animals lasts about 112-115 days, the diet includes a large number of cereals. You can not drink the future uterus too cold water.

Pig harness is accompanied by attempts with a periodicity of 10 minutes. At the same time every time a new baby appears. Childbirth can last for 1.5-6 hours. Newborn piglets are washed a patch and cleaned of mucus mouth and ears. Then the toddlers are wiped dry and bandage the umbilical cord at a distance of 5 cm from the abdomen. The end of the canal is cut 1 cm higher and cauterized with iodine.

If the newborn piglet does not show signs of life, you can try to correct the situation by blowing air through the mouth, and lowering its carcass for a minute into warm water. Thus, the swine pigs should in any case occur in the presence of the owner or the hired worker. The attack will be much less.

Slaughter of animals

The ultimate goal of such an event, as home-grown pigs, is, of course, getting fat and meat. These animals are slaughtered in household plots, and also on small farms, usually in two ways. The first is that one person is hitting the pig on the ground and holding it, and the other is striking directly into the heart or cutting the carotid artery. When using the second technology, the animal is first tied with a short rope to the cola, and then stunned with a sledgehammer or a sole of an ax. Further in the heart, just as with the first technique, a narrow knife is stuck.

In any case, before slaughtering the animal must be prepared. First of all, the pig should be washed. The day before the procedure, it is also stopped feeding. This is necessary in order for the animal to go out of the pigstery more willingly (the pig can be lured with food). In addition, a decrease in the norm of fodder leads to the release of the intestine and stomach from excess substances, and hence to an improvement in the quality of meat and fat.

The carcass of the slaughtered animal should be burnt with a gas burner to remove the stubble. Sometimes another method is used. Carcass simply obkladyvayut a thin layer of straw or coniferous twigs. Then they are set on fire. In this case, the skin acquires a pleasant shade and smell. At the next stage, the dressing and cutting are performed.

Realization of meat

Done carcasses, farmers engaged in breeding pigs, usually rented to shops, restaurants or cafes. You can also sell meat in the local market. If the economy is large enough, a very good solution is to open its own point.

Pigs, breeding at home which is not a particularly troublesome thing, are unpretentious in food, rarely get sick and gain weight quickly. Meat of these animals today is quite expensive, and therefore the business of their breeding - if properly dealt with - can become quite cost-effective.