Participial and gerundive turnover: exercises, rules, punctuation marks

Many students are interested in: what is participle and gerundance, what is the difference between participial and gerundive turnover? Exercises for finding isolated definitions and circumstances are presented in the article. It also gives information about the forms of the verb.

Verb and special verb forms

The verb is in the language the leading part of speech, which informs about the processes and actions taking place around. Together with the noun, he enters the grammatical basis of the sentence: The boy is swimming. The House is being built; And in the verbal single-composition sentences independently makes up their predictive basis: I see! Look at that. It was late. They call him .

If we consider sentences involving participial and adverbial participle, we can see that they contain a few words reflecting the process - participles or gerunds. Both are verbal forms, with the sacrament similar to the adjective, since it has the same declension paradigm and answers the questions of adjectives: which? What? And others, and the gerundive - with an adverb, as it is also an immutable part of speech and answers the main questions of adverbs: how? how?

The participles are formed from the stem of the verbs with the help of the suffixes -aas-, - jas-, -yas-, -sush-, -sh-, -sh-, -en-, -nn-, -t-: screaming, looking, Empty, living, walking, certain, specified, sung. The gerunds-with suffixes -a-, -y-, -yuchi, -uchi, -v, -shi-, -shav-: shouting, singing, playing, going, watching, bringing, having met.

For example: The grass that has bound up the whole garden grew thickly, not allowing it to grow into cultivated plants. In this sentence, four different verb forms are presented: the verb of past tense, the feminine gender, grew - the infinitive, capturing - the sacrament, not giving - the gerund. It is possible to replace the participle with an adjective, and the vertebrate with an adverb: The green grass grew densely, and the possibilities to grow in cultivated plants were few. The sentence retained the main meaning, but additional actions were lost, which reflected participial and non-participial turnover. Exercises from the table below will help you learn to find verb forms and distinguish them from each other.

Exercises for finding verb forms

Participatory turnover as a detached definition

Communicative involvement is the design of the participle with a dependent word. So, the proposal: The blooming garden was beautiful - without involvement in privatization, but the proposal: The garden blooming in the dacha was beautiful - it has a participial turn, since the communion has a dependent word: blooming (where?) At the dacha.

The construction of participial turns can be different, but this syntactic unit is necessarily a participle with dependent words.

The participial turnover requires isolation, if it is after the main word: The mushrooms collected by the whole family lay now on the pew under the pine; If it depends on the personal pronoun: Dreaming of a trip to the Congo, he issued a visa - or has an additional concessionary or causal meaning: Tired of noisy visitors, Lena barely got home.

Errors in the use of participial speed

Using a participial turn in speech, mistakes can be made both punctuation and grammatical. Punctuation errors occur when the boundaries of the syntactical unit are incorrectly defined, with inattentive reading of the sentence with participial turnover and in the absence of theoretical knowledge about the conditions for its isolation.

Grammatical mistakes in the use of participial turnovers are primarily connected with the inappropriate use of participial traffic in the proposal and with the incorrect coordination of the sacrament with the main word. For example: the North Basketball Club arrived in his native city, successfully played in the championship. (The right version: the North Basketball Club, who successfully played at the championship, came to his hometown ).

The participial revolution as a separate circumstance

Deep-part with dependent words is called a participial turn. The gerundive and gerundive turnover is always detached. Their allocation by commas does not depend on the location relative to the main word. For example: They arrived without warning. Galya, seeing a beautiful bouquet in his hands, immediately calmed down. Listening, Kolya made notes. Do not require isolation only those gerunds that are part of the phraseology: After sleeves, he worked all season. The child listened with bated breath - or switched to adverbs: Tolya read without haste. He was angry, not joking.

Participial and gerundive turnover: exercises

The table below shows a number of tasks for finding isolated members, expressed participial or gerunded.

The participial and gerundive turnover (exercises from the table confirm this) add value to the additional action. They, being separate members, only accompany the main process, concluded in the predicate.

Participatory and gynecological turnovers: examples from literature

Proposals with participial and adverbial participle are often found in works of art. "The ocean that was walking outside the walls was terrible," "Small paused and, knocking down a large gadfly adhering to the horse, answered gloomily" (IA Bunin). "Then from morning till morning there was a small ... rain, turning clay roads and paths into a continuous thick mud ..." (AI Kuprin). "Covered with hoarfrost, they went into a vague, illuminated distance ..." (VG Korolenko).