Paired consonants in Russian: examples, table. Spelling of paired consonants. What is a pair of consonants?

In elementary classes, the basis of human spelling literacy is formed. Everyone knows that the difficulty of the Russian language is largely due to the inconsistency of spelling and pronunciation. Often this is due to paired consonants.

What is a pair of consonants?

All consonants are with each other in one or another opposition in their characteristic features. One of them is the opposition of sounds by deafness and voices.

Some consonants in the coincidence of all other features, such as the place of education and the way of pronunciation, differ only in the participation of the voice in the process of sounding. They are called paired. The remaining consonants do not have a pair of voicelessness-voiced: l, m, x, q, h, n, d.

Paired consonants		Examples of words with paired consonants
Vocal (with the voice)	Deaf people (without voice participation)
[B]	[P]	Table [b] s - table [n]
[at]	[F]	Draw [c] a - draw [f]
[G]	[to]	Road [r] a - road [to]
[E]	[T]	Boron [d] a - boron [t] ka
[F]	[W]	Blah [h] ith - blah [w]
[H]	[from]	Frost [w] - frost [s]

Here are given paired consonants. The table also contains examples that illustrate the orthogram "Checked consonants in the root of a word".

The spelling of consonants

In the pronunciation process, paired sounds can be interchangeable. But this process is not reflected in the letter. That is, the letters do not change, no matter what sounds we hear in their place. So in the Russian language the principle of uniformity of morphemes is realized. The spelling of paired consonants is completely subject to this law.

The rule can be stated in the following paragraphs:

• The root of the word is always written in the same way, since the semantics depend on it;
• Spelling should be checked by selecting root words or changing word forms;
• To choose as a test it is necessary that in which, after a doubtful consonant, there is either a vowel sound or a sonorous sound (p, l, m, n, d).

This can be seen on the examples from the table: orthograms-consonants are either at the end of words, or in front of other paired sounds. In verifying words they are in front of vowels or in front of unpaired phonemes in voicing.

Applying the rule

The spelling of paired consonants must be worked out. It is necessary to begin with the formation of the ability to see the orthogram being studied. This will be the end of the word or the concourse of consonants, in which sounds begin to affect the sound of each other - the subsequent changes the quality of the pronunciation of the previous one.

Orthograms - paired consonants
At the end of a word	In the confluence of consonants
Bo [n] Bromo [t] Bro [f] Gvoz [t '] Fence [t] Draw [w]	strip Ko [s'] ba Re [з '] ба Gorod [d '] ba shelter'] Str [w]

Next, we practice the skill of selecting test words.

Nouns and adjectives are changed by numbers, cases, verbs by persons and numbers	We use suffixes, we form other parts of speech
Bo [n] - beans Bro [t] - ford Bro [ф '] - eyebrows Nail [t '] - nails Garden [t] - kitchen gardens Draw [sh] - shake	Polo [s] ka - stripe To [b] to bite Re [s'] ba - cut Gorod [d '] ba Cro [c '] - blood Str [sh] - the guard

When we know what a paired consonant is, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion about which option to choose:

• Bo [n] - beans - beans;
• Bro [t] - ford - ford;
• Bro [ff] - eyebrow - eyebrow;
• Nail [t '] - nails - nail;
• Garden [t] - vegetable gardens - garden;
• Draw [sh] - trembling - trembling;
• Polo [s] ka - stripe - strip;
• To [b] ba - mow - mow;
• Re [s'] ba - cut - thread;
• City [d '] ba - town - city;
• Blood [c] - blood - blood;
• Str [w] - guard - guardian.

Paired consonants. Examples of word discrimination

Deafness and voicelessness are able to distinguish words by meaning. For example:

• (Soup) thick - (above the river) bush;
• (Telegraph) column - (Alexandrian) pillar;
• Bark (oak) - (high) mountain;
• (Unbearable) heat - (surface) of the ball;
• (Bouquet) of roses - (boy) grew up;
• (New) house - (thick) volume.

In weak positions, at the end of words, for example, as in the example of "roses" and "dews," a check is necessary to avoid semantic confusion. Paired consonants in Russian require attentive attitude.

Test on the topic studied

1. What is a paired consonant? _____________________________________________

2. Write down the sentence:

To test paired consonants, you need _____________________________________

3. Highlight words that need verification:

Pogru .. ka, podvo .., gl .. ky, narya .., a horse .. ka, cautious .., ready .., dy .., other.

4. Write the sounds in square brackets :

Herbs [..] ka, ry [..] ka, zu [..] ki, arbu [..], lo [..] ka, koro [..] ka, ko [..] ti.

5. Underline the verification word:

Fairytale - a fairy tale, a head - a head, a patty - pies, a ditch - a groove, a birch - a birch, eyes - eyes, a strip - strips, a tetrad - a notebook, ears - spikelets, jump - jumps

6. F or W?

Sapo ... ki, road, ki ... ki, kroki, ro ... ki, p .., bar ... ki, lo ... ki, game ... ki, cha ... ki, lie down ... ki.

7. Write down the test words and insert the letters instead of the points:

• Gu ... (__________);
• Flags (__________);
• Gr ... (__________);
• Gla ... (__________);
• Hops (____________);
• Lo ... ka (____________);
• Horse (______________);
• Zu .. (_______).

8. Choose the correct option:

(Q / m), sy (d / m), sv (d / m), wo (B / n) ka, addition (v / f) ka, point (s / c) ka.

9. Insert the letters in the text:

Lebe ... is the king of all waterfowl. He is like a dream ..., white, graceful, he has shiny eyes, black lacquers and a long, gnarly neck. How beautiful he sails on the glacier water of the pond!

10. Correct the errors:

• I love to read tales.
• How fragrant the strawberry jugs!
• On the mugs a carrot was sown.
• A gently birch-tree trembles with petals in the wind.
• The tray floated along the lake.
• The shoreline is gradually approaching.
• The watchman does not sleep.
• Loudly punches in the yard mongrel.
• Yosh rustles in the bushes.

Answers

1. What is a paired consonant? Consonant, having a couple of deafness or voiced.

2. Write down the sentence:

To test paired consonants, you need to choose a test word.

3. Select the words that need verification:

Submerged .. ka , podvo..ny, gl .. ky , narya .., horse .. , cautious .., ready .., doo .. ki , l o ... ki , other ...

4. Write the sounds in square brackets:

Grasses [B] ka, lo [D] ka, zu [B] ki, arbu [3], lo [D] ka, crown [B] ka, ko [T] ti.

5. Underline the verification word:

Fairytale - a fairy tale, a head - a head, a patty - pies, a ditch - a groove, a birch - a birch, eyes - eyes, a strip - strips, a tetrad - a notebook, ears - spikelets, jump - jumps

6. F or W?

Boots, tracks, paper, crumbs, horns, powders, lambs, spoons, toys, cups, frogs.

7. Write down the test words and insert the letters instead of the points:

• Hooter (beep);
• Flags (checkbox);
• Fungus (fungi);
• Eye (eyes);
• Jumps (jump);
• Boat (boat);
• Horse (horse);
• tooth teeth).

8. Choose the correct option:

ShApka, provod, krug, bandage, honey, soup, sweet, mistake, add, point.

9. Insert the letters in the text:

Swan is the king of all waterfowl. He is like snow, white, graceful, he has glittering eyes, black lawns and a long, flexible neck. How beautiful he floats along the smooth water of the pond!

10. Correct the errors:

• I like to read fairy tales.
• How sweet the strawberries are!
• Carrots have been sown on the ridges.
• Flexible birch trembles with petals in the wind.
• The boat floated along the lake.
• Bereg is gradually approaching.
• The watchman does not sleep.
• Loudly yawns in the courtyard of the mongrel.
• Hedgehog rustles in the bushes.