Pahra-Yakovlevskoye Estate in Balashikha: history, description, owners of the estate

The architecture of ancient buildings has attracted people's attention for many centuries. Beautiful centuries-old buildings fascinate the look and imagination, fascinate with their patriarchy, magnificence and exoticism.

People once lived in them, with the same feelings and problems as we do. What were they thinking and dreaming about? What did they strive for and what did they want? Perhaps, their dwelling will lift the veil over that mysterious and incomprehensible thing that happened hundreds of years ago.

Visiting beautiful historical buildings will help us to see the life of previous generations from the inside, to come in contact with the chronicle of the old days and better know the present.

One of such historical monuments of architecture is the Pehra-Yakovlevskoye estate, which amazes its visitors with the wealth of architectural thought and modern ... desolation.

Location:

It turns out that it is very easy to get to the landmark estate by public or private transport. The entrance is free there. Local people like to wander through pristine overgrown avenues, admire the delightful aristocratic architecture and watch the brutal time that destroys a beautiful and powerful structure.

Where is the Pehra-Yakovlevskoye estate? Balashikha - the city on whose territory the estate is located - is located a few kilometers from the capital of the Russian Federation. This is a pretty famous area.

The city of Balashikha is the oldest city in the Moscow region, the center of the centuries-old textile industry, famous for its factories and factories. Despite the well-developed scientific and industrial complex, the area is widely known for its picturesque landscapes and landscapes.

Balashikha is located on the river Pekhorke. On the territory of the city and in the vicinity there are about sixty other water bodies - lakes, ponds and reservoirs. The city is surrounded by forests, which are harmoniously combined with water reservoirs and ancient buildings.

One of them - the estate Pehra-Yakovlevskoe - is a monument of federal significance and is protected by the state. In addition, she is under the patronage of a university located nearby. The Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University does its utmost to give the estate a decent appearance, but this requires huge resources and resources. Unfortunately, at the moment the buildings and park of the manor are abandoned and poorly maintained.

However, let us not dwell on the sad and return back to the exciting and beautiful world of history and architecture.

Briefly about the main

The Pehra-Yakovlevskoye Manor was erected in a picturesque place of the shallow-water Pekhorki River. For its long history, it was several times rebuilt and changed the owners. The most famous owners of the estate are the princes of Golitsyna. With them, and begin our story.

The beginning of the chronicle

At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the village of Yakovleva was under the rule of the boyars of Yakovlev. In those days the estate did not exist yet.

Soon the estate passed into the hands of Grigory Sukin, and a little later became the property of his daughter Evfimiya.

In 1591, the village together with the land belonging to it was given to the boyar Andrei Ivanovich Golitsyn, the famous steward and voivode.

He did not consider it necessary to build a manor house on it, since he lived in Pskov.

After the death of the first Golitsyn, Yakovleva got his eldest son, who, in turn, handed her over to his first child. It was then that the construction of residential and entertainment buildings began, which now have a common name - the Pehra-Yakovlevskoye Manor.

Start of construction

In the early 1690's, Pyotr Mikhailovich Golitsyn built a small wooden house on a hereditary land and broke a garden near him. Since the elderly prince had no children, after his death a fragile structure and fruit trees were inherited by his younger brother - Mikhail Mikhailovich. He is the most eminent and noble owner of the estate, since at one time served as a diplomat and president of the Admiralty, had the rank of general-admiral and enjoyed the favor of royalty.

However, the main creator of the manor in the village of Yakovlev was the son of a wealthy nobleman, Pyotr Mikhailovich. He decides to seriously engage in construction, writes out a talented architect from Petersburg and proceeds to work.

The Golitsyn era

Petr Mikhailovich - Lieutenant-General, one of the leaders of the suppression of the Pugachev uprising, built a large house with two outbuildings, built a church and expanded the park area and garden plantings. However, due to the misfortune in the duel, he was killed and left the estate to his eldest son Mikhail.

The boy was not even twelve at the time, so his uncle and guardian took over the reins of the estate - Alexander Mikhailovich, the Russian envoy to the UK and the vice-chancellor. He updated the built house, luxuriously decorating it from inside and out.

In the estate were brought rare works of art - paintings and sculptures. Also, Alexander Mikhailovich built an ancestral church, which came down to us as the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord. The architectural structure of this cult building was a rarity in the suburbs, since the rotunda of the church consisted not of one bell tower, but of two.

Heir to the estate - Mikhail Petrovich, continued the creative endeavors of his father and uncle. He improved the building itself and the architectural and park ensemble around it.

However, this did not save the estate from the Napoleonic invasion. In 1812, it was subjected to severe attacks, but was soon rebuilt and refined.

New owners

Since then, the Pehra-Yakovlevskoye estate has often changed its owners. They were Prince Ivan Alekseevich Gagarin (actual state counselor and senator), and princess Anna Dmitrievna Naryshkina (acting chamberlain), and many others.

They say that the estate was awarded the honor of hosting the highest personalities - the Empress Maria Feodorovna (in 1817) and the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna (in 1826).

Twentieth Century

After the October Revolution the Moscow estate of the princes Golitsyn was nationalized. Initially, it housed the civil commissariat, then - a colony for homeless people, and even later - the Institute of Fur Hunting.

Since 1955 the owner of the estate is the Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University.

Negative Incidents

Naturally, this change of owners had a negative impact on the estate itself. The house collapsed and fell into decay, stealing and becoming polluted.

In the early 1920s, the main building of the estate was badly damaged by the fire. It was rebuilt, but without restoration of the previous layouts and architectural forms. It was also impossible to restore the former decoration and luxurious decoration of the building.

The structure of the estate

What, according to the idea of the architects, was to enter the manor complex? It is now difficult to consider what was built several centuries ago and that it was so mercilessly destroyed.

However, official documents on which it is possible to recreate the beauty and grandeur of the Pehra-Yakovlevskoye estate have been preserved.

Most importantly, its structure, of course, is a mansion with two outbuildings, a theater, a greenhouse and a church.

The manor house, made in the style of early classicism, was a strictly symmetrical structure, consisted of two floors and was crowned with a dome. Pilasters on the pedestals, adorning the walls of the building, smoothly passed into porticoes. The interior of the mansion was lush and luxurious. Marble fireplaces, valuable vases, large mirrors, expensive plating - all this was typical of the noble buildings of that time.

The farm buildings of the manor, located quite far from the mansion, have not survived to our time. Brick two-story wings, joined to the house by galleries-colonnades, were built in Empire style and decorated with Italian porticos.

The church was built of bricks, but in some of its finishes there is also a white stone. In the center of the building was a luxurious iconostasis.

Next to the mansion were built two identical buildings, one of which housed a gallery, in the other - an open theater.

And, finally, the park zone is an extensive picturesque park, representing a French-style system of avenues, diverging from the clearing by a six-pointed star.

Between the park and the mansion there was a playground-Bulengrin, which has survived to the present day. It has a semicircular stone staircase, in the basement of which there are grottos and parapets, decorated with a round sculpture.

Also in the park was a "roller coaster" - an embankment hill, located on the bank of the river Pekhorki.

As you can see, the manor is poorly preserved until our days and now appears before the visitors in an abandoned form. However, this does not detract from its historical, architectural and aesthetic value.