Overlapping of the second floor on wooden beams: device, calculation, beam size

One of the most important constructive elements of any country house are interfloor overlappings. They can be equipped according to different methods. In any case, the technology of assembling such structures must be observed rigorously. On this depends not only the convenience of people living in the house, but also their safety. Below in the article we will understand with what projects of overlapping of the second floor on wooden beams exist and how such constructions are assembled.

Basic ways of arranging floors

Sometimes in country houses monolithic ceilings are established. They are assembled from finished reinforced concrete slabs. Such designs are distinguished by a high degree of reliability and a long service life. But at the same time assembling them is quite expensive. After all, these plates weigh a lot. Therefore, it is necessary to lift them on the walls using a truck crane.

There is also another type of flooring on the second floor - a jellied. Such a construction is made of a concrete mixture in a formwork, assembled on racks. This is also a fairly reliable type of overlap. You can also collect it yourself. However, the technology of its manufacture is still very complex. Errors in pouring a monolithic slab can not be allowed.

The overlap of the second floor on wooden beams serves less plate or flood, but it is completely devoid of their shortcomings. The technology of assembling such a design is extremely simple. At the cost of this type of overlapping is inexpensive. These structures are being built, as one can already judge by name, on paved or log beams. Collect them allowed in brick or block houses, and in chopped or shielded. It is these floors that are installed in suburban buildings most often.

Basic structural elements

It is quite easy to assemble the inter-floor covering on wooden beams independently. The main elements of its design are:

• Actually the beams themselves. They are produced most often from logs or beams.
• Sheathing. To assemble this element, an edging board with a thickness of at least 3 cm is usually used.
• The vapor barrier. Such a film is necessary so that moist air from the first floor does not penetrate the second. The use of such a film significantly extends the service life of such a construction as the overlap of the second floor of the bar.

In the construction of the attic floor is usually included and another element - a heater. In this case, slabs of mineral wool and expanded polystyrene are installed between the beams. In some cases, polyurethane can also be used.

In the construction of the floor of the second floor, the heat insulator is sometimes not included. But most often it is still used. In this case, it acts as a soundproofing device. As a noise absorber in the ceiling on the second floor, mineral wool is most often used. This material, firstly, does not burn, and secondly, it releases less harmful substances, which is very important for residential premises.

What time will the assembly cost

Making up the design of such a construction as overlapping the second floor on wooden beams, among other things, of course, it is necessary to calculate all necessary materials and make an estimate. Determine the number of boards and insulation is not difficult. To do this, you only need to know the floor area and the dimensions of the materials themselves.

If the second floor of the house is residential, the length of the beams is determined, given the width of the span and the allowances necessary for support. If an attic is being built over the house, the calculations are performed as follows:

• Beams should be the same as the roof trusses . This is explained by the features of the roof construction. Often rafters are mounted on beams. In any case, these two elements should converge on the walls at one point.
• The length of the beams is calculated based on the structural features of the roof frame. If the rafters are supposed to be fastened to beams, to calculate their length to the width of the span, add 40 cm to the roof overhangs on both sides. If the beams are supposed to be embedded in walls, their length should be such that between their ends and the back wall of the "nest" there remains at least 3 cm for airing.

Calculation of the strength of beams

To overlap the second floor on the wooden beams turned out to be reliable, its support elements should have a sufficiently large cross-section. Calculate the necessary length and width of the beam in our time is very simple. To do this, use the online calculator.

To calculate the beams of the overlap turned out to be accurate, you need to know the following parameters:

• Width of span;
• Step setting the beam;
• The wood species used to make the timber.

The step between the rafters of the roof of private houses erected in the central strip of Russia is usually 80 cm. Accordingly, at the same distance from each other, beams are also installed. For spans of standard not too large private houses in 6-9 m, they usually take material with a section of 150x150 mm.

What else to consider

Having calculated the beams of the ceiling and having purchased all the necessary materials, you can proceed with the actual installation of the structure. However, before that, it is desirable to perform a number of preparatory measures.

Wood - the material is relatively short-lived. Over time, because of dampness, the paved beams and planks may start to rot. To delay this process for as long as possible, before the beginning of the assembly of the flooring, all lumber should be treated with a special antiseptic. Such compounds usually protect the tree from fungal infection.

In addition, the timber and boards must be covered with a means of reducing the risk of fire. In the event of fire, the material treated in this way will, of course, be damaged. However, the beams and boards treated with such compounds do not burn, but smolder. Consequently, the tenants in the fire will have more time to leave the house.

It is also very good before the assembly of the floor to process the boards and the cant against the insects. Beetles-grinders in the future can deliver a lot of troubles to the owners of the house.

Build order

Once all materials are purchased, you can proceed with the actual installation of the structure. There are wooden floors in the house in this order:

• All necessary materials and tools are prepared. In order for the beams to be lifted upward, a ladder will most likely be needed.

• The beams themselves are installed. In monolithic and brick houses, beams are embedded in the "nest" walls left behind when pouring or laying walls. In the arrangement of the latter, it is necessary to take into account, of course, the size of the floor beam . When assembling attics, the beam can also be fastened with corners to the Mauerlat. To the walls of the chopped houses the beams are fixed on special elements - "sleds". This prevents dislocations of the structure of the floor during the shrinkage of the house.
• Bottoms on the beams are stuffed with boards. From the attic side, they are first covered with a vapor barrier film, and then the insulation plates are laid on them. The latter should be mounted so that they fit as close as possible to the wood.
• On top of the plates, another layer of vapor barrier is mounted.
• Fill the floor boards of the second floor.

Another method of installation

The overlap of the second floor along the wooden beams, described above, has the simplest design. Used in this case, the insulation, unfortunately, prevents penetration to the first floor only air noise. Shock easily transmitted on a wooden frame (through beams and boards). If there are no small children in the house and there is no one to make noise, this simple design can be the ideal solution. Otherwise, it is better to arrange in the house a ceiling on the beams of a slightly different type, collecting the so-called floating floors on the second floor. Their design is quite complex. But if you want, you can mount them yourself.

How to collect floating floors

After installing the beams in this case, first floor boards of the first floor are also packed. Then the vapor barrier is laid. Between the beams are installed rigid slabs of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. Then another layer of soundproofing is mounted. In this case, the plates will fall already above the beams, and the floor will be covered completely by them.

You can soundproof the interfloor overlapping on wooden beams and a little differently. In this case, cotton wool plates are also used. But between the beams they are not installed. Stace them over them with a solid carpet. The material will be slightly pressed between the beams, without touching the planks of the ceiling of the first floor. Next, several slabs are cut into strips. They are necessary for laying rooms on the second floor along the perimeter. In the future, they can be closed with a plinth.

A concrete screed about 5 cm thick is poured over the plates. For strength it needs to be reinforced with a 10 mm rod. Pour the concrete in such a way that it touches the cut strips of cotton wool, and not the walls of the house. Over the concrete, you need to lay the sheets of plywood, and then - the finishing material.

A simpler and cheaper way of soundproofing

If you want to reduce the impact noise from the second floor, you can collect wooden floors in the house and a bit different technology. In this case, also the beams are first installed. Then special sound-absorbing gaskets are mounted on them. The latter should be pre-soaked or treated with an antiseptic compound. When assembling floors to the second floor in countryside private houses, usually felt or rubber pads are used.

These elements are mounted directly on the beams. On them lay (without fasteners) lags. The length of the latter should be such that they do not touch the walls of the house. Mount the logs across the beams. Then install the soundproofing plate. They are put between the beams, and between the lags (in two or three layers). Over the resulting "pie" stuffed boards. A vapor barrier in this case should also be used.

Conclusion

The device of overlapping the second floor on wooden beams, as you can see - the procedure is simple. It is possible to assemble such a construction, including independently. But, of course, when assembling the ceiling, you should adhere to the exact technology. In this case, the design will be reliable and durable.