Operation to remove the gallbladder

Cholecystectomy is an operation to remove the gallbladder. There are several ways to remove the hepatic bladder: simple open via abdominal access and laparoscopic. It should be noted that to date, the open method has lost its relevance. More and more surgeons are trying to resort to laparoscopic removal, because this method is not only more cosmetic, but also does not carry such severe postoperative complications as an open surgery.

Laparoscopic removal of the gallbladder is performed under general anesthesia in the operating room. The patient undergoes preoperative preparation, after which narcosis is given.

The surgeon makes three or four incisions in the area of the projection of the liver on the stomach. The notches do not exceed 2 cm - this is quite enough for the introduction of trocars. Further, the abdomen area must be "inflated", for this purpose a certain amount of gas is introduced through the tube. This procedure is done so that the physician can better see the location of all organs relative to each other.

The operation to remove the gallbladder proceeds in several consecutive stages:

- the imposition of clamps on the cystic duct and large hepatic blood vessels (thus the surgeon will not allow a large loss of blood);

- direct removal of the gallbladder;

- sewing laporoscopic incisions.

Thus, the operation to remove the gallbladder passes without cavitary penetration into the abdominal cavity. Modern laporoscopic devices allow you to reproduce the image of internal organs on the screen very qualitatively, so cavity removal of the bladder is inappropriate.

However, in some situations, the surgeon can not perform laparoscopic removal of the gallbladder. This happens when:

- blood diseases that occur with the syndrome of failed hemostasis;

- terminal and comatose conditions;

- decompensated diseases of the lungs, heart and kidneys.

If a patient with a pulmonary embolism is diagnosed with peritonitis, suppuration of the gallbladder, and also in the presence of pregnancy or other processes capable of adversely affecting the course of laparoscopic surgery, the surgeon may prefer open access.

It should be noted that in the absence of contraindications, it is best to perform laparoscopic removal of the gallbladder. The patient's feedback after this kind of surgery is much better than after the usual cholecystectomy.

Already after several days after laparoscopy, patients can lead a habitual way of life, only temporarily limiting their physical activity.

What complications can occur after removal of the gallbladder?

1. Bleeding.
2. Peritonitis, sepsis or purulent inflammation.
3. Insufficiency of sutures, formation of hematomas, fistulas and abscesses in the area of a postoperative wound.
4. The formation of stones in the bile ducts.
5. Bile flow through the surgical wound.
6. Tendency to thrombosis.
7. Exacerbation of chronic diseases of the intestine (ulcer).
8. Damage of the renal vessels and ducts.
9. Allergy to medications or anesthesia.

In order to prevent the formation of stones in the ducts and maintain the body, it is necessary to follow a special diet after cholecystectomy. Patients should completely abandon products that increase the formation of bile or adversely affect the liver.

It is necessary to take food in small portions in a few hours. The amount of meals can reach 6-8, but this should not frighten patients.

It is necessary to exclude from the diet fried, baked, smoked food, as well as shish kebabs and pickles.

It is best to constantly use the steamer, include more sour-milk products and soups in the diet (only not on fatty broths).