Objects of national life in Russia

The person all his life - from birth until his death - surround objects of everyday life. What is included in this concept? Furniture, dishes, clothes and much more. With the objects of national life associated a huge number of proverbs and sayings. They are talked about in fairy tales, poems are written about them, and mysteries are invented.

What objects of national life in Russia do we know? Have they always been called that? Are there things that have disappeared from our lives? What interesting facts are connected with the subjects of national life? Let's start with the most important thing.

Russian hut

It is impossible to imagine objects of people's everyday life of Russians without the most important - their homes. In Russia, the cottages were built on the banks of rivers or lakes, because fishing has been one of the important industries since ancient times. The place for construction was chosen very carefully. The new hut was never built on the site of the old. Interestingly, the fact that the benchmark for the choice served as pets. The place they chose for recreation was considered the most favorable for the construction of the house.

The dwelling was made of wood, most often from larch or birch. It's more correct to say not "build a hut" but "cut down a house". This was done with the help of an ax, and later saws. The houses were often made square or rectangular. Inside the dwelling there was nothing superfluous, only the most necessary for life. The walls and ceilings in the Russian hut did not paint. Among the well-to-do peasants, the house consisted of several rooms: the main dwelling, the porch, the veranda, the closet, the courtyard and the buildings: a flock or an animal enclosure, a hayloft and others.

In the hut were wooden objects of national life - a table, benches, a cradle or cradle for kids, shelves for dishes. On the floor could be colored rugs or paths. The table was central to the house, the corner where it stood was called "red", that is, the most important, honorable one. He was covered with a tablecloth, and the whole family was gathering behind him. Everyone at the table had a place, the most convenient, central occupied by the head of the family - the owner. In the red corner was a place for icons.

Good speech, if there is a stove in the house

Without this object it is impossible to imagine the life of our distant ancestors. The stove was both a wet-nurse and a savior. In severe cold, it was thanks to her that many people managed to keep warm. The Russian stove was the place where food was prepared, and also slept on it. Her warmth was saved from many diseases. Due to the fact that it had various niches and shelves, various dishes were stored here.

The food cooked in the Russian oven is unusually tasty and aromatic. Here you can cook: a delicious and rich soup, crumbly porridge, all kinds of pastries and much more.

But the most important thing is that the stove - it was that place in the house around which people were constantly around. It is no accident in Russian fairy tales, the main characters then ride on it (Emelya), then sleep (Ilya Muromets).

Pokery, grip, pomelo

These items of national life were directly related to the Russian oven. Kocherga was the first assistant at work. When the firewood was burnt in the stove, this object was shifted by the coals and looked to prevent the unburned logs. About the poker, the Russian people have combined many proverbs and sayings, here are just some of them:

• In the bathhouse there is a broom, a lord, in a poker stove.
• God forbid the candle, or to hell with the poker.
• A black conscience and a poker, it seems to the gallows.

Grab - the second assistant when working with the stove. Usually there were several, different sizes. With the help of this object, stoves and pots with food were put in the oven and taken out. The sticks took care and tried to handle them very carefully.

Pomelo - a special broom with the help of which was swept off the stove with extra rubbish, and for other purposes it was not used. The Russian people on this subject came up with a characteristic riddle: "Under the floor, under the middle, a woman with a beard sits." Usually pomel was used before the pies were going to be cooked.

The poker, the grip, the broom - must certainly have been near at hand, when the food was cooked in a Russian stove.

Chest - to store the most valuable things

In each house there must necessarily be a place where they put down a dowry, clothes, towels, tablecloths. Chest - an integral part of the people's life of the Russian people. They could be either large or small. Most importantly, they had to meet several requirements: spaciousness, strength, decoration. If a girl was born in the family, then the mother began to collect her dowry, which was added to the trunk. A girl getting married married him to her husband's house.

There was a large number of curious traditions associated with the chest. Here are some of them:

• The girls could not give their chest to someone, otherwise they could remain an old maid.
• During the Maslenitsa, it was impossible to open the chest. It was believed that it was possible to release your wealth and luck to the will.
• Before the marriage, the bride's relatives sat on the chest and demanded a ransom for a dowry.

Interesting names of objects of national life

Many of us do not even assume that the usual things that surround us in everyday life, were once called quite differently. If we imagine for a few minutes that we were in the distant past, then some objects of national life would remain unrecognized. We bring to your attention the names of some of the things that are familiar to us:

A broom is a golik.

The closet or small closed room was called a cage.

The place where large domestic animals lived was a flock.

A towel is a handmaid or a duck.

The place where you washed your hands is a washstand.

The box where the clothes were stored is a chest.

A place for sleeping is sex.

Wooden bar with a short handle, designed for ironing clothes in the old days - rubel.

A large cup for bottling beverages - valleys.

Folk items of everyday life in Russia: curious facts

• The city of Tula is considered to be the homeland of the samovar. This subject was one of the favorite among Russians, it was difficult to find a house in which it was not. The samovar was a source of pride, he was protected and inherited.
• The first electric iron appeared in the early 20th century. Before that time there were cast iron irons in which coals were added or heated for a long time over the flame of the furnace. It was very uncomfortable to hold them, they could weigh more than ten kilograms.
• One of the most prestigious items of folk life was a gramophone. In the villages for him it was possible to exchange the cow.
• A large number of folk traditions and rituals are associated with the table. Before the wedding, the bride and groom must necessarily have walked around the table, the newborn was updated around the table. These customs, according to popular beliefs, symbolized a long and happy life.
• Spinning discs appeared in Ancient Rus. They were made of wood: birch, linden, aspen. This subject was given by the father of the daughter to the wedding. Spinning was customary to decorate and paint, so none of them were like the other.
• Items of folk life for children - rag-made home-made dolls, balls made of bast and wool, ratchets, clay whistles.

Decoration of a house

The decor of objects of national life included woodcarving and art painting. Many things in the house were decorated with the hands of the owners: chests, spinning wheels, dishes and much more. The design and decoration of objects of national life concerned, first of all, the hut itself. This was done not only for beauty, but also as a guard against evil spirits and various ills.

To decorate the house used dolls made by themselves. Each of them had its own purpose. One drove away the evil spirit, the other brought peace and prosperity, the third did not allow the squabbles and scandals in the house.

Items that have disappeared from everyday life

• Chest for clothing.
• Rubel for ironing clothes.
• Shop - the subject on which sat.
• Samovar.
• Spinning wheel and spindle.
• Gramophone.
• Iron iron.

A few words in conclusion

Studying objects of national life, we get acquainted with the life and customs of our distant ancestors. Russian oven, spinning wheel, samovar - without these things it is impossible to imagine a Russian cottage. They united families, next to them and the grief was easier to tolerate, and any work was argued. Nowadays, the subjects of the people's life are given special attention. Buying a house or a cottage area, many owners tend to buy them with a stove.