Object characteristics 195. Perspective Russian tank of the fourth generation

Beginning in 2006, the mass media periodically receive information about the creation and prompt receipt of the fourth-generation tank for the Russian army . Almost a decade passed, and even no one saw the prototype images. It is known only that the creator is the Ural Design Bureau of Transport Engineering in Nizhny Tagil. At the parade on May 9, 2014, a new model of heavy weapons is expected to appear in public. Within twenty years of development, the project was coded in various ways: "Improvement 88", Object 195, T-95, T-99 "Priority". Sometimes here the names "Black Eagle" and "Armata" are included. It should be noted that it is not necessary to identify "Armata" with previous projects, and especially with T-95, this is a completely new product.

In the late eighties our engineers looked into the future

Designing a new model of a combat vehicle began in 1988. The main idea was to increase the survivability of the crew and the possibility of upgrading the weapon systems without cardinal alterations of the machine. To meet this requirement, it was proposed to make the tower uninhabited. That is, to implement the targeting of weapons or small arms on the target, to choose the type of ammunition and to make a shot should have been automatic. The crew itself should be placed in an isolated, well-protected armored capsule. Should have been a tank with a completely new layout and powerful protection. The political upheavals of the last decade of the last century did not allow the full realization of the plans. And the level of development of electronics of that time would hardly have given the opportunity to create a highly effective combat system. This concept was embodied in metal several years later by Ural tank builders creating Object 195. A photo of a tank covered with tarpaulin can not help to form an idea of the design of an autonomous artillery installation.

Unfinished Detective

In connection with the high level of secrecy of the project to create a fourth-generation tank, there was confusion in the name of the machines. It is possible that the discrepancy was inspired by the customer himself, the Ministry of Defense. Details of many developments become known after many years, after losing their relevance or reaching a wide circulation. Until now, there are many idle conjectures about the reasons for refusing to produce new cars two decades ago. In the 90 years, domestic tank-building concerns were going through hard times. Each plant was looking for its own ways of survival. Omsk tank-builders based on the T-80 gas turbine tank developed Object 640, which was called the "Black Eagle". The car was presented at a closed show in 1997 in Kubinka. A little earlier, in 1995 Uralvagonzavod began to develop its version of a modern tank. Despite the use of innovative technologies of passive protection and weapon systems, both machines - Object 195, "Black Eagle" - were a deep upgrade of the tanks of the third generation. And this military did not triple.

Futuristic exterior

Tank Object 195 was brought to several prototypes. Models that appear under the same cipher are far from identical. According to the military strategists, the height of the new combat vehicle should not exceed two meters. These parameters, in theory, had to correspond to Object 195. The photo, however, captured a machine about three meters high with a massive artillery, covered with tarpaulin. It is unlikely that this is a pre-series sample. The uninhabited tower should be very compact. Most likely, the future universal platform was tested as a mobile base for advanced weapon systems. After all, the military decided to create a universal chassis. One of the modules should be the Object 195 tank. Photos of other designs, if they exist, have so far been unavailable to anyone.

Requirements for the 4th generation tank

By the end of the first decade of the new millennium, the concept of a promising tank was finally formed. A new combat vehicle will be a revolutionary step in the development of land combat platforms. In this regard, it must fulfill the following requirements:

• Possibility of maximum probability of destroying the target with a projectile.
• Guaranteed survival of the crew in case of tank damage by cumulative or kinetic ammunition.
• The combat unit is a segment of a network-centric system of land forces.
• The chassis should be universal, for the possibility of placing on its base combat vehicles of a different purpose and also the engineering of troops.
• The possibility of a phased upgrade.

Armament beyond competition

The object 195 is supposed to be designed with a smooth-bore gun 135-152-mm with an initial speed of the projectile no less than 1980 m / s. If the 6-inch gun 2A83 is used as the main gun, the ammunition will be 42 units of sub-caliber, high-explosive and high-explosive shells. Traditionally, the exclusive feature of domestic machines is the possibility of launching guided missiles from the barrel. Together with the tool, the entire ammunition rotates. The automatic charging system provides a rate of fire of at least 15 rounds per minute. On the rotary gun carriage will be mounted machine guns caliber 7.62 and 14.5 mm with the ability to fire on aircraft, as well as four small-sized missiles 9M311. One of the options for light weapons is a 30 mm automatic cannon paired with the main gun.

Fire and reaction control system

The tank crew will receive the completeness of the visual information of the situation on the battlefield not only through observation through optical instruments. Due to the fact that the crew is deprived of the possibility of a circular survey (the tower will be uninhabited), a fire control system is supposed to be equipped with a set of transmitting devices and several screens inside the cabin. The monitors receive information from other machines of the unit. The crew will see "through the armor" in all directions.To ensure high efficiency of the weapon must provide a full-time radar system and a laser range finder.The laser device is assigned the functions of active counteraction to enemy guidance systems.The active installation will itself find the optics of the enemy and neutralize it with a beam of light. System of recognition of "one's own", which excludes defeat from friendly fire in conditions of highly maneuverable combat. The active defense complex consists of setting Wok "Shtora-2" and "Arena-E".

Impenetrable tank

Object 195 - heavy tank (in comparison with its predecessors). The basic model T-72 weighs 41 tons, the last derivative of this series T-90 - 46.5 tons. The prospective model for 10 tons is more massive. The improvement of passive protection entailed an increase in the fighting mass. Combined multilayer armor provides for the presence of integrated dynamic protection of the new generation. The equivalent of the reservation system against the impact of sub-caliber ammunition is 1000 mm, against cumulative projectiles - not less than 1500 mm.

Power point

The designers equipped the Object 195 with the Chelyabinsk diesel V-92S2F2. This is a temporary measure, the power plant does not meet modern requirements. Capacity of only 1130 liters. With., The mobility of the prospective tank slightly exceeds the performance of the main combat vehicle of the previous generation. As a full-time unit, the installation of the diesel 12H360T-90A is expected. Motor four-stroke, X-shaped, 12-cylinder, with gas turbine supercharging and intermediate cooling of air. The cooling system is liquid. The working volume is 34.6 liters. Capacity not less than 1650 liters. from. Provides the thrust of the combat vehicle at least 30 liters. from. Per ton. The engine is located along the combat vehicle and is aggregated with automatic transmission.

Objective characteristics of the Facility 195

If we identify the promising machine with the T-95, then the characteristics of the fourth-generation tank are as follows:

• The maximum combat weight is 55 tons.
• Dimensions: body length 8 000 mm, width 2 300 mm, height 1 800 mm.
• Crew - 3 (2) people.
• The engine is a diesel engine of 1650 hp.
• Speed on the roadway is more than 70 km / h.

The tank died. Yes, the tank is alive!

In 2008, it seemed that the moment when the tank troops would begin to receive the best model of technology in the world seemed close. Several T-95 prototypes (Object 195) were sent for state tests. Two years later, a benefit was held in the face of the responsible officials of the Ministry of Defense. The Office refused to further finance the project. At least, this formulation is the official version for the last several years. "Uralvagonzavod" at its own expense completed the creation of the project. One of the reasons for refusing to adopt a new model of a promising tank was the obsolescence of technological solutions adopted as the basis for its development. The general concept of a complex of heavy combat platforms was also revised. The time has come for the modular principle of shaping the appearance of a combat vehicle. As the basis for the future mobile battlefield system, Object 195 was adopted.

So, the Object 195 - "Armata" or not?

Obviously, the current project has another working index. It is also unambiguous that the long-term developments of the 195th project and the "Black Eagle" will not be forgotten. The leadership of the Armed Forces set the task in 2015 to begin the production of a new machine. Taking into account the short terms of the implementation of the task, Armata will embody the basic concepts of experimental predecessors. The layout and technological solutions will be preserved. At the same time, to reduce the cost of production, it will be necessary to abandon certain components of protection and armament. T-14 (this designation received a new main tank) is slightly less, four to five tons easier, more technologically and cheaper to manufacture. In order to reduce prices and simplify production, they will refuse to make extensive use of titanium elements of passive protection.