Nodes of the roof. Design, materials and roof construction

Before starting any kind of construction work, it is necessary to draw up a plan according to which experts or owners of the house will act. For example, before building a roof of a private house, you should create a project, which is one of the most important tasks.

Design Features

If you do not belong to those people who know all the nodes of the roof device and do not know how to draw a diagram or a roof drawing, you should use special computer programs like Autocad, it will be enough to enter the size information, select a certain type of roof - and the program Will select standard schemes. This will create a qualitative drawing, calculating the nodes of the roof. But if you do it yourself, you should agree on the style of the house and the roof, determine the color of the roof.

Features of calculations

It is important to carry out calculations that will take into account the anticipated load on the roof. The system drawing will imply the main nodes of the roof. This should include materials, tools and fasteners. The design provides for the compulsory calculation of the roof area. This is required for the correct determination of material consumption, thermal insulation and fasteners. If you build a saddle roof, then the calculation of the area will be very simple. Its shape is a rectangle, and to determine the area width should be multiplied by the length. In addition, 0.5 m on each side should be added for the overhang of the roof.

What else you need to know about designing

If we are talking about a double-skinned roof, then the area should be calculated similarly, given the length of the rafters and the overhang of the roof on the cornice and gables. The roof fixing points of such a system are more complex, but it is not difficult to calculate the area. The design will need to be divided into separate figures and use the school knowledge of geometry, which will allow us to calculate the area of each of them. In the end, the numbers add up. Before the design of the system, it is important to take into account the snow load in winter, since an insufficient roof slope may cause additional loads. If the snow does not leave the roof surface, it will increase the mechanical load on the rafters system.

Material selection

The nodes of the roof will pass through the covering material, so it's important to consider which one will be easier for you to work with. As you know, when building a house the most expensive element is the roof. And the choice of roofing material is an important stage, since an attempt to save on it can lead to an increase in costs during operation. The roof must protect the entire building and extend its service life. Quite popular roofing is slate, as components of which are asbestos and cement fibers. This material is ready to serve for about 40 years, but among its additional positive characteristics are:

• low cost;
• Resistance to low temperatures;
• Resistance to mechanical stress;
• Simple installation procedure;
• No overheating of the sheet in hot weather.

Nodes of the roof can be easily arranged when choosing slate, in addition, the roof will have excellent thermal insulation qualities, it will absorb sound and will exhibit fire-resistance characteristics. But there are slates and shortcomings, they are expressed in the reduction of waterproof qualities over time, the possibility of the emergence and development of moss and lichen, as well as the fragility of the edge of the leaf. If you want to build a reliable inexpensive roof, then slate will be an excellent solution. The main competitor of the above material is steel roofing. This material is inexpensive and can be used to cover roofs with complex configurations.

In modern construction for roofing, the most commonly used 0.5-mm galvanized steel, which in the manufacturing process is covered with an anti-corrosion zinc layer. The positive qualities are ease of installation, low cost, the ability to cover complex structures and low weight. However, there are also disadvantages, they are expressed in an increased level of noise and unattractive appearance.

Alternative options

Choosing a roofing covering, you can pay attention to aluminum, which is used in the manufacture of metal and rebated roofs. For the production of aluminum tiles used material in rolls, which has the necessary coating. The covering material has a negligible weight and can be used on almost any dredging system. If you use the folding method and the Kleimer, then when mounting the roof, you can not drill a single hole in the material.

The service life of aluminum roofs can reach 150 years, which is the main factor that forces consumers to purchase these covering materials. Roofing of metal tile recently also enjoys popularity. When making sheets, a coating is applied to the surface, which ensures durability and strength. The upper composition of the layer protects the material from corrosion, and in the construction market you can find metal in a wide range, which is presented in products of different colors and shapes.

Roof from corrugated board is corrugated metal sheets that combine the positive characteristics of metal roof and steel coating. The sheets can have a polymer coating and have a low cost. If you choose this type of roofing, you will face the same problems that owners of houses with a roof of galvanized steel and metal roofs face. However, this type of material also has the advantages of a galvanized metal roof. Depending on the particular type of coating, the service life can vary from 10 to 50 years.

Trussing system installation

The roof rafters should be as strong as possible, since the reliability of the future roof depends on this. To strengthen the layered rafters it is possible with the help of studs, nails, and also nail plates. When using the studs, the rafters in the upper part must be connected butt-end, and they will be held together by means of lining from waterproof plywood or metal. The upper part of the rafters can be connected with nails, for this purpose it is best to use special staples. This technology is inexpensive, reliable and fairly simple. Sometimes nails are used, which are made of galvanized steel and stamped teeth. The height of the last elements should be 8 mm, and the number of rows of nails will depend on the size of the constituent parts.

Mounting of eaves

A cork roof assembly is necessary to protect the wooden crate from the negative external influence of atmospheric precipitation. Installation of the cornices is easy to produce, for this they are nailed to the crate by nails in staggered order, between them the distance should be about 30 cm. The end plates, which are also called wind, will protect the roof from falling precipitation under the metal tile. They are installed from above with a bend to the cornice, and the distance between them should be approximately 35 cm.

Adjunction to the wall

The abutment of the roof to the wall provides the roof's ability to cope with the main task and reliably protect the dwelling from wind and precipitation. Adjacent metal roofing is quite simple to equip, it is one of the most suitable building materials for such installation works. When the abutment of the roof to the wall is arranged, a gap must exist between the vertical elements, which is necessary to ensure the natural circulation of air in the roof cavity. The device of this abutment implies the use of sheet metal elements. The installation of the apron can not be carried out without strobing the section of the wall structure. At a height of 20 cm, you should make a groove, the depth of which is 3 cm. The edges of the element are treated with a sealant, and the upper part is installed in the bar.

The lower part of the product should be pressed to the roof surface by fasteners, which is equipped with a rubber gasket. If you use a double apron construction, you should provide a higher degree of sealing. At the same time, it is possible to refuse stemming of wall structures. The upper element of the apron is fixed in the base with dowels, after which the lower part, which has a lock providing a reliable connection, should be placed under the base.

Pipe Sealing

Sealing the pipe on the roof will ensure correct operation of the heater. When finishing the chimney, you can use a so-called collar made of metal sheets of rectangular shape. Their width should be 40 cm. To finish the chimney on the roof of the roof tile, you can apply the connection with a recumbent fold. Sealing a pipe on the roof of a sloping structure, the slope of which is 30 ° or more, involves the installation of a special beam that will protect the back of the pipe from rainwater.