Nizhny Novgorod region: reserves and zakazniks. Reserves of the Nizhny Novgorod region: Kerzhensky, Ichalkovsky, Vadskoe Lake and Lake Svetloyar

The Nizhny Novgorod region is a very developed subject of the Russian Federation. The administrative center is Nizhny Novgorod - one of the largest cities of the federal Privolzhsky district. The history of it has more than one century. Its foundation is connected with the need to protect against the raids of the Volga Bulgars. Since then, Nizhny Novgorod has always played an important role in the life of the state. Despite the development of trade and industry, there were also places protected by the state. Has in its territory the Nizhny Novgorod region reserves, which are known not only in Russia, but also beyond. They are the national treasure of the country. It is Kerzhensky Reserve, Ichalkovsky Reserve, Lake Svetloyar and Vadsky. All of them have a unique flora and fauna.

Kerzhensky Reserve - a short history

The territory of the reserve since the beginning of the settlements and until 1993 was an array of taiga and swamp areas. About some kind of protection from cutting down or at least controlling speech before did not go. And only in 1993 the Kerzhensky Reserve was created. This allowed us to take control of the territory with unique ecosystems, flora and fauna and protect them from extinction.

This object is located on the territory of the Kerzhenets river, in Borsky and Semenovskiy districts of the region under very strict control. Actually, all the reserves and zakazniks of the Nizhny Novgorod region are protected, but Kerzhensky requires a special permit even for those who live in settlements on its territory. Just so go and admire the beauty of nature will not work.

Thanks to state control, it was possible to stop the disappearance of many species of plants and animals. Moreover, in the reserve experiments are carried out on the breeding of species that did not live there, for example, a white partridge. However, until the experiment was not successful.

The plant and animal life of the Kerzhensky Reserve

The territory of the reserve covers the taiga and wetlands. Among the trees, coniferous species prevail. However, there are areas that are mixed forest - spruce, pine and large-leaf trees. The main forest of pine was preserved only on the bank of the Kerzhenets River. Alder, birch, oak grow on the banks of taiga streams and rivulets. There are practically no meadows in the reserve. All this is connected with uncontrolled logging and a large number of fires - nature has taken up self-restoration of the ecosystem.

The wildlife of the reserve is very diverse. Among mammals there are hedgehogs, moles, shrews, bats, bears, lynxes, wolves, foxes, raccoon dogs, rodents and many others. You can meet a wide variety of birds, including a hawk, kestrel, harrier, gray crane, buzzard, kite, owl, owl, owl, kingfisher, quail and others. Many of them are listed in the Red Book. The world of reptiles and amphibians is represented by such animals as lizard, spindle, adder, copperhead, toad, newt, frog. In rivers, lakes and streams, you can find such fish as roach, pike, rudd, bleak, tench, catfish, ruff, perch, burbot and others.

Unique nature monument - Ichalkovsky reserve

If Kerzhensky Reserve has a very small and short history, then another natural object exists for about 50 years. The protected natural zone includes several sections that have unique characteristics. Thus, the Ichalkovsky reserve was established in 1971. It united Ichalkovsky Bor, sites in the floodplain of the Pyany River and adjacent areas of fields and copses.

First of all, the territory was taken under protection because of the relic vegetation of the late glacial period. In the territory of the Ichalkovsky Bor there are also karst caves. This is the second reason for the protection and protection of this region. On the territory grow not only pine trees, but also oaks, ash trees, birch and other hardwoods. The bush undergrowth is very developed - it is filled with buckthorn, currant, bird cherry, honeysuckle, hazel.

Karst dips of the Ichalkovsky Boron

Karst faults fill most of the reserve area. In many of them, lakes are formed, and some are whole caves. They even have their names and trampled roads. The first one is the Ice Cave. There are two rooms in it, the temperature does not rise above -3˚ C even in summer. Rime and ice do not melt in it. Meters in a hundred from Ledanaya is Startseva pit, which has three grottoes. According to legend, hermits lived in her. Not far from their haven is the Nameless Cave with a grotto and a lake with ice water. It is so transparent that it is simply impossible to notice the boundary of the water in the twilight. But the favorite place for training climbers - Kuleva pit - keeps a terrible legend about the corpses of criminals and suicides, who were thrown into it.

Access to the reserve is more free, so it's not difficult to admire the beauty of nature and the landscape. The main thing is not to violate the regime common to all protected areas.

Nizhny Novgorod Region. Reserves

Not only the above-mentioned reserves are famous for Nizhny Novgorod and the territory of its region. About 28 reserves, natural and historical protected areas, 102 natural monuments are the Nizhny Novgorod region. Reserves have different conditions, destinations and the degree of admission in them. So, for the study of sphagnum bogs, the Radeisk State Nature Reserve was established. To preserve the lake-forest complex of the Valdai Upland , the Valday National Park was created . Nature sanctuaries include such reserves in the Nizhny Novgorod region as Lake Vadskoe (Mordovskoye) and Svetloyar.

Lakes as monuments of nature and not only

Vadskoe Lake is formed by karst springs and is located at the mouth of the Vadok River. The lake is heavily overgrown with grass and algae, but this does not prevent it from occupying an area of about 56 hectares and continue to expand. The lake serves as an amusement place for diving enthusiasts. Many of them try to find the entrance to the cave that has collapsed, through which water enters the pond.

Another glory was the lake Svetloyar. According to legend, here was Kitezh-hail, which, during the invasion of the Tatar-Mongolian hordes, went under the water. This territory serves as a place of pilgrimage for adherents of the Orthodox faith. Moreover, Svetloyar often experiences inexplicable phenomena, which also attracts scientists from various fields of science. Such unique places are the Nizhny Novgorod region. Reserves are under the protection of both regional and federal programs of the state.