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Ust-Tsilma: airport, ferry, photo

Ust-Tsilma is a village that is one of the oldest in the north of Europe. It has the status of the center of the eponymous region inhabited by people for several millennia before the onset of our era.

History of occurrence

According to information from written sources and the results of archaeological excavations, the Russians on Pechora appeared at the dawn of the second millennium BC. E. The information that has survived to this day on that period allows us to state that most of these people were Novgorodians.

Ust-Tsilma also appeared due to the efforts of the resident of Novgorod Ivan Lastk. In 1542 he was granted a royal charter, which allowed to dispose of the territories along the banks of Pechora. Soon, Pestages and mesens joined the Lastka. For them, the Tsilma basin has long played the role of a fishing site. At first, cattle breeding and agriculture did not have much significance in the livelihoods of the local population.

Thanks to archaeologists a unique ancient document was found - "Platyazhnitsa". It is in it are the first mention of Ust-Tsilma.

New time

The Pechora region began to be increasingly interested in settlers in the 17th and 18th centuries. This process is associated with the schism of the Church, as a result of which adherents of the old faith were forced to flee persecution in the ungrateful northern region. The home for many Muscovites, Novgorodians and Pomorians was Ust-Tsilma. Thus, the settlement turned out to be the center of Pechora Old Belief in the north-eastern lands of the European part of Russia.

When the Old Believers came to Pechora, they tried to isolate themselves from their nearest neighbors, the Nenets and Komi-natives, in order to preserve their religious culture. The result of the multi-stage process was a unique ethnic group with a unique dialect, special features of everyday life and culture, as well as with other differences that make it possible to separate it from other peoples.

At the end of the eighteenth century, Ust-Tsilma acquired the status of an important economic center of Pechora. The village had strong permanent trade links with Arkhangelsk, Veliky Ustyug, Cherdynsky Krai, Pineigh and Ust-Sysolsky.

According to a note by Yermilov (a provincial official from the suite of Prince Golitsyn), at the end of the nineteenth century there were 1,100 buildings and 4,000 souls in the settlement in question. Thus, the village both by the number of inhabitants and by area was larger than any city in the Arkhangelsk province. In May 1891, Ust-Tsilma became the center of a large Pechora Uyezd.

The newest time

In early 1911, the Pechora Agricultural Experimental Station was opened in Ust-Tsilma, which became the first scientific research institution in the North of the European part of the RSFSR. The basis for it was data obtained as a result of complex expedition surveys of the region of 1902-1910. They were conducted by AV Zhuravsky, who later became the first director of this station. It functioned until 1957. Thanks to the activity of this institution, a scientific thought has been formed in the district on issues of fodder production and animal husbandry.

In July 1929 the Ust-Tsilemsky district became part of the Komi ASSR. The severe conditions of the North, the lack of a road network and remoteness from industrial centers had a bearing on the formation of sectors of economy and everyday life of the inhabitants of the harsh land.

On January 1, 1932, Ust-Tsilma (Komi ASSR) became the location for the management of the Pechora Shipping Company. In addition, the settlement was declared the center of the river fleet of the district. Soon, not far from the village, the airport was officially opened. Ust-Tsilma is located one kilometer from the air gate. The size of the runway is 1332 by 32 meters.

Construction of the first large industrial enterprise - a suede plant - started in 1930. Two years later, it began to produce products. In the 30 years of the twentieth century, timber processing became one of the main branches of the region. The Ust-Tsilem forestry enterprise was established in 1933. Since then, its production tasks have been increasing. So, in the years 1940-1941. Nearly one hundred thousand cubic meters of timber was harvested.

Agricultural sector

As already noted, the conditions in the Ust-Tsilemsky region are severe. Despite this, the agricultural industry has always been one of the leading. So, in the 1980s the Sub-Polar region provided 11% of the country with milk and 9% with meat. At present, the Ust-Tsilemsky region is an edge in which innovations are intertwined with antiquity.

Natural resources

In the region under consideration, there are fuel and energy resources and a complex of non-metallic mineral raw materials, including noble metals, bauxite ores and diamonds. The development of industry is still hampered by the distance from economic centers and the lack of a regular transport network. Nevertheless, there are prospects for further development, and all thanks to rich mineral wealth.

Local media

How can you find out what Ust-Tsilma village is living in? "Krasnaya Pechora" is the first newspaper of regional and municipal significance in the Republic of Komi. The pilot number was released on October 10, 1920. For the edge, virtually devoid of communication routes, destroyed by the civil and First World Wars, this was a very significant event. Twenty-year-old Alexander Zaboev became the editor-in-chief. The ambitious young man even initiated the dispatch of the "Red Pechora" to Lenin. Vladimir Ilyich conveyed words of gratitude for work to the editors. The leader of the world proletariat wished "Red Pechora" to become a symbol of the heyday of the harsh land, its liberation from devastation, ignorance and darkness. Moral support from the capital helped the new periodical to acquire a unique character and to get back on its feet.

Famous Holiday

Every year in July the village of Ust-Tsilma is transformed. "Gorka" is a spring and summer ceremonial celebration, which received the status of republican in 2004 - a source of fun and good mood not only for locals, but also for tourists. It consists of two components - dancing and driving. The latter, in turn, is represented by six figures - "Pillars", "Vozhzhoy", "Pletney", "Circle", "Side to Side" and "Square". The square quadrille includes eleven figures - Barino, Yablochko, Chastushki, Krakovyak, Seny, Polku, Marusenku, Po Street, Pas-de-span and Kamarinskaya ".

In July 2012, the holiday was especially lush, as the village celebrated its 470th anniversary.

Symbolism

In 2009, the Union of Russian Heraldry started the development of the emblem of Ust-Tsilma. This was due to the application of the village administration. The background of the coat of arms is azure. On it is placed a narrow belt, formed of three black and three yellow squares. They alternate with each other. Inside, three black and yellow squares are placed on the corner, and in each of them there is a red "crutch" pattern. Above the belt there is a silver beaver holding a bundle of sedge of the same color in the front paws. Below is a curved salmon, beating its tail. The fish is colored in silver.

sights

On the territory of Ust-Tsilem district there are more than seventy monuments of culture and history. In the village itself about twenty places are kept in memory of remarkable people and important events that have influenced the development of the region. They are living witnesses of the past and help to recreate the situation of a specific historical period. Many monuments are associated with the heroism of their ancestors and the numerous wars that have fallen to this stark land.

Copper and silver mines

This monument is one of the oldest in the region. Ore was discovered on Tsilma in 1428. Currently, on the site where previously extracted metal, you can see five excavations.

The Venerage of the Mother of God

At the dawn of the eighteenth century, the Old Believers' monastery appeared on the Great Wilderness. It was formed by representatives of the Mesensk peasantry and people from Vyga. Thanks to this monastery Pechora was supplied with Old Believers literature. Raskolniki hermits led a similar way of life to the peasants' way of life: they were engaged in corroding the forest under fields and clearing the shrubs from the shrubs. Life was difficult and hungry. Today these lands are occupied by the village, but they are still known as a place of self-immolation of the Pechora Old Believers. As a result of those sad events, 86 people died.

Monument to A. Zhuravsky and the Museum

This outstanding researcher made a valuable contribution to the development of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra and actively participated in the process of identifying opportunities for the development of agriculture in this region. The sculptural composition "Andrey Zhuravsky" appeared in Ust-Tsilma in October 1981. Its author is VA Rohin, a Syktyvkar sculptor, who portrayed a scientist walking through the taiga of Pritimanya. The composition is made of wood (larch).

Organized by Zhuravsky in 1905, the Zoological Station became an outpost in the development of science in the north of the country. In memory of the merits of the scientist in Ust-Tsilma, his house was moved (thereby preserved). Currently, the building is open historical-memorial museum named after. Zhuravsky.

Memorable sign

This sign was made by the sculptor Pylaev in 1985. He is called to keep the memory of the tract from Arkhangelsk to Ust-Tsilma, the construction of which was completed in the late nineteenth century. This road was the only connection with the big world. She carried carts with various goods and products. In addition, the tract was often driven by political prisoners, who died right on the road. Since then they say that this road is strewn with bones.

The Batmanov Monument

It was opened in 1983 with the aim of preserving the memory of Vasily Foteevich Batmanov, who actively participated in the establishment of Soviet power in Komi. One of the streets of the village is also named after him.

Common grave

In it, 22 (according to other sources 23) of the vigilante, killed by the White Guards in 1918-1920, were buried. Originally the monument was wooden. Reconstruction of the mass grave was carried out in 1967, resulting in the appearance of fifteen obelisks and a brick monument. During the next reconstruction, the central obelisk was replaced with the sculpture of the grieving mother.

House-Museum of MA Babikov - Hero of the Soviet Union

Makar Andreevich was born on July 31, 1921 in the village of Ust-Tsilma (the photo of the settlement is presented in the article). Since 1940 he served in the navy. For the battle in the seizure of the port Seysin Babikov was awarded the highest rank. Then he managed, together with the detachment, to break into the enemy's rear, to seize the bridge across the river, to destroy more than fifty enemy soldiers and six cars, and to cut off the retreat of the fascists and hold occupied positions for over eighteen hours.

Currently, there is a positive trend of increasing the role of monuments of history and culture in the process of patriotic education of the younger generation.

Ust-Tsilma: how to get there?

In spring and autumn, the village is often cut off from the outside world due to ice and ice. During this period, air transport services along the route "Syktyvkar - Ust-Tsilma", however a one-way ticket costs three and a half thousand rubles, which not everyone can afford. At a mudslide, helicopters are assigned to Izhma and Pechora.

The rest of the time, buses run twice a day to the station "Iralyol". Fans of autotravels should take into account that in the summer the road between Ukhta and Iral is practically impassable. Her condition is significantly improved only in winter.

The distance from Moscow to the described village is 2313 kilometers, the length of the route "Ukhta-Ust-Tsilma" is 362 km.

Actual problem

Due to the annual summer shallowing along the river, Pechora sometimes ceases to walk by ferry. Ust-Tsilma is simply cut off from the outside world - deliver passengers, food, building materials, etc. There is nothing to it. Residents of the village get to the other shore in an eight-seat boat provided by a private carrier. As for trucks and trucks, they stand in anticipation of improving the situation on both sides of the Pechora.

Conclusion

For five centuries, the village of Ust-Tsilma has been adorned on the hilly pechora coast. The photo of this settlement, the description of its history and sights allow to be imbued with beauty of the wonderful Russian land. Times, like the attitude to the surrounding reality, change, only spiritual values and freedom-loving disposition of the residents of Ust-Tsilma remain the same.

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