National costume of Dagestan: types and description

Dagestan has 72 nationalities. Representatives of each of them have their own national costume, which has developed historically. To date, there are cases when artfully manufactured national decorations are worn by elders for solemn events. They are worn even by officials.

The national costume of Dagestan, thanks to its beauty and historical significance, is appreciated by both senior and young people. They are carefully stored and handed down from generation to generation.

History of the costume

The national costume of Dagestan was polished for many centuries, all elements were agreed upon, all the superfluous was cut off, only the most accessible, understandable and dear to people who put their conception of beauty into decoration were preserved.

In the XIX century, a favorite and common form of clothing among women were shirts, similar to tunics. For girls, they served as a dress, hiding the structure of the figure and giving the effect of monumentality. At the same time, the smart furnishings in the cut were no different from everyday. Appointment of costumes was expressed through the color and texture of the fabric.

In the XIX-XX centuries, women from rich families also wore cut-off dresses, many photos of the national costume of Dagestan are that confirmation. They were sewed from expensive fabrics and put on for a solemn occasion. Such a decoration could afford only a well-off woman, since the consumption of fabric for its manufacture is considerable.

In addition, in the XIX century, beshmet - outer clothing, similar to a caftan with a standing collar, gradually gained popularity and love among the inhabitants of Dagestan. Later, it was the fitted beshmet that replaced the dress-shirt. The waist line served as the main supporting line, and the silhouette distinguished folds and assemblies located below the waist. There were shortened and quilted beshtets on the lining

Meaning of parts

The national costumes of the peoples of Dagestan were so diverse that it was determined by the individual details of clothing which nationality the person belongs to. Also, decoration could tell about the status, age and financial situation of its owner. But to a greater extent this refers to women's outfits, since the men's clothes were more reserved and monotonous. They only differed in some details and patterns.

Although each nationality of Dagestan had its own traditions, language and features in decoration, but they were also united by many basic things: chuhta, shawl, tunic shirt, and also beshmet. And if there are questions related to how to draw a national costume of Dagestan or display it in a photo, then all these garments should be in the picture. In this case, special attention should be paid to embroidery and ornaments, which were of great importance in women's clothes. Patterns (birds, animals, trees) often had a sacred meaning, protecting their owners. The decorations for the celebrations were decorated with embroidery from silver, gold and precious stones. A special place in women's dresses was occupied by jewelry in the form of bracelets, rings and metal belts.

What the color says

The coloring of national Dagestani costumes also has its own symbolism. Although the decorations and seem too bright, but the dominant colors are white, red and black. Often a white color can be seen on holiday and wedding dresses. Red symbolized well-being and prosperity, and black spoke about mysticism and personified the protection of ancestors. Older women often chose clothes in dark tones, young single girls preferred bright elements of red, orange, blue or green.

Men's suit

The costumes of Dagestani men are similar to each other and practically do not differ from the men's costumes of other Caucasian peoples. The national decoration consists of a shirt, trousers that are sewn from a thick gray or black cloth, and Circassian coats (long, narrow caftan without a collar with a wedge-shaped neckline). The outer clothing of such a plan can be of different lengths, and the sleeves are widened downwards. At the Circassian belt, men used to carry a pistol or a dagger.

Male national costume of Dagestan has an important distinctive feature - the hat, which is a symbol of dignity and honor. To bring down this high fur cap from the head of a Caucasian man meant insulting him, but the gift of a Dagestan in the form of a fur hat was a symbol of respect and friendship.

Men from the common people wore headdresses from sheepskin, but representatives of the nobility preferred papakhas from scrawl. Thinking about how to draw a national costume of the peoples of Dagestan, do not forget about such details, because for them such things were of great importance. Men preferred soft boots from morocco from morocco called Ichigi, they consisted of two elements.

Woman suit

The national costume of Dagestan for women has different variations of performance. Furnishings are distinguished by a variety of colors, finishes, cuts and ornaments. Women's clothing is much more than men's, has preserved its identity and reflects ethnic characteristics, customs and customs. The national costume of Dagestan, the figure of which is presented above, is the true proof of this.

Dagestan women's clothing is diverse in terms of materials used, color, form, decoration and artistic composition. These characteristics may indicate the social status of the possessor, age and well-being.

Traditional hats

Historically, the headdress is an indispensable attribute of the national costume of Dagestani women. Varied shapes and bright decorations make it one of the most interesting elements of decoration, which points to ethnicity and its aul. A variety of headgear feathers were noted by many travelers, writers and scientists. They can be divided into three large groups:

• Chuhta is a narrow long hat made of black matter. Sometimes it was decorated with coins or fringe. Only married women had the right to wear chuhta. They plaited the braids and put them in a special bag - a hairskin that was at the bottom of the headdress and went down on its back.
• The scarf was traditionally preserved among older women, young girls chose shawls. Old women folded the shawls in a triangle, wrapped their necks with one end and tied them with the other under the chin. The color of this headgear was also chosen according to age.
• Chalma is a piece of long matter, which is intricately wrapped around the head, originally it was worn only by men.

Footwear

Dagestan footwear is distinguished by a wide variety of styles and materials used for manufacturing. She was made of leather, felt or wool. Knitted and felt footwear differs tremendously in variety. Leather products have fewer characteristics and features. This was due to the fact that only men worked with the skin, which were more connected with the outside world and, accordingly, they were subjected to significant cultural influence from the outside.

Combined footwear became very popular. Women preferred leather shoes with inserts made of felt, velvet, cloth or brocade. The inserts were woven with gold and embroidered on them all kinds of traditional patterns with silk threads.

Mountainous Dagestan

Residents of highland Dagestan - avarki, lachki, darginka - wore long dresses, wide-cut shirts. Over wearing a sash belt, young girls chose brighter colors for him, but married women wore belts of more reserved shades.

Peculiar dresses on the sides of a woman tucked into pants made of satin, calico or coarse calico. Dresses almost doubled and reached the knees. In addition, they wore a special cap - chuhta. It snug against the forehead and fell from behind. A special blanket was put on top. As for shoes, the girls of Nagorny Dagestan wore leather shoes with knitted inserts and curled noses. It was not only beautiful, but also practical. Such shoes were worn for a long time and did not stray about the stones.

Southern Dagestan

The national costume of Dagestan representatives of the Lezghian nationality was distinguished by its brightness and high cost. The main feature of the decorations was multilayered. The girls wore silk straight dresses, sweeping dresses-wahlags were worn on top of them.

Another distinguishing characteristic of the outfits was the abundance of ornaments. The clothes were decorated with silver and gold coins, precious stones and embroidery. In the choice of colors, priority was given to red, yellow, purple and green colors. The head was covered with lace handkerchiefs.

Kumychki, Chechens and Noggies

In Chechens and kumyochets, sweatshirts with wide long skirts were considered traditional. They were adorned with elaborate belts and double clasps. Of the headgear, the girls preferred lace handkerchiefs.

Nogai suits were much like Central Asian clothes. The decoration was distinguished by the presence of large ornaments and jewelry made of silver. Women preferred quilted caftans-beshmet. On the head young girls wore beautiful skullcaps, and older women - kerchiefs.

The national costume of Dagestan is a vivid manifestation of the culture of this people. Regardless of the differences that are associated with the history of various ethnic groups, yet all the outfits have the same characteristic features in the artistic plan. The emergence of this clothing with its roots goes back to the deep past, when its purpose was to abstract its owner from its own individual beginning. Clothing primarily demonstrated the person's involvement in a particular team or the life situation in which he was.