Moscow. Bolshaya Ordynka Street

The history of Moscow can not exist without the history of the streets that make up its past, present and future. Bolshaya Ordynka is a reflection of the human destinies of rulers and priests, poets and artists, merchants and architects, revolutionaries and simple laborers, who ultimately determined the present appearance of the street. It is like a chronicle, along which it is possible to follow historical events that take place not only in Zamoskvorechye, but throughout Moscow.

Appearance of the name

Big Ordynka appeared in the XIV century and is one of the oldest streets of the capital. There are two main versions of the origin of its name. The first - along it once ran the way, by which they carried the tribute collected in Russia to the khan of the Golden Horde. The second and, in the opinion of historians, a more reliable version - the Horde lived here, the duty of which was to deliver a tribute stolen from the Russian principalities to the Horde.

History

Even in Moscow it is rather difficult to find a place that would have experienced as many historical events as the street of Bolshaya Ordynka has seen in its centuries-old history. It was once visited by the Crimean Khan Davlet-Giray, she still remembers the Time of Troubles and the Napoleonic fire of 1812, as well as the revolutionary events of 1917.

The first inhabitants were "hard people" who transferred collected in the territory of Russia tribute to the Golden Horde, and even interpreters - translators from the Tatar language. After the sloboda mode was abolished, small nobility, middle clergy, merchants and artisans began to settle here. In the heart of Moscow , land prices were high, and therefore inaccessible to these people, and the Moscow-river areas were cheaper. Some buildings of those times stand still.

At the end of the XIX century, several profitable houses appeared, which worked right up to the October Revolution itself, and later the street. Bolshaya Ordynka became one of the most criminal districts of Moscow, where the entire Zamoskvoretskaya punk gathered.

During the Great Patriotic War the street was partially destroyed by bombing. On the site of completely destroyed buildings, new ones were built, and the old ones were not touched.

It must be said that it has hardly changed, in spite of the fact that during the time of the existence of the Soviet Union the capital itself as a whole has greatly changed.

Where is

Bolshaya Ordynka is located in the Central Administrative District of Moscow, which stretches from Serpukhov Square to the Small Moskvoretsky Bridge. This is the central street of Zamoskvorechye. Its length is relatively small and is only 1.73 km, but it has a large number of historical monuments - five temples, several estates, mansions and apartment houses. It is believed that this is the only street that has managed to conserve all the churches built on its territory.

Catherine's Church on the Scilly

It is located in the house number 60/2, Bolshaya Ordynka, Moscow. The first mention of the wooden church dates back to 1612. Let's remember in those days called the arable land that was outside the city, so the church of Ekaterininsky was an eyewitness of the battle between Dmitry Pozharsky and Hetman Khodkevich. Some historians believe that the main battle of the Time of Troubles took place here, which was the beginning of the liberation of Rus from the Polish interventionists.

The baroque temple that survived to this day was erected in 1766-1775 by the design of K. Blank. He built a new task next to the old one and combined them with a bell tower.

The church of the Great Martyr Catherine survived not only the Time of Troubles, but also the invasion of Napoleon, but under Soviet power it was closed and the bell tower dismantled. For some time his premises were used as workshops.

Now the Catherine's temple is in the management of the Orthodox Church in America. Here are placed next to the icons of Russian and American saints, and the services are sometimes held in English.

Temple of the icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow"

The stone church was built in 1683-85 on the site where once the church of the Monk Varlaam Khutynsky was located. By 1791, several outbuildings, including a three-tiered bell tower, were made, designed by the architect V.I. Bazhenov in the style of classicism. In 1836 the architect Beauvais O.I. Again rebuilt the temple, but already in the Empire style. Later, during the fire of 1812, it was damaged, and then two more times updated - in 1814 and 1904.

Under Soviet rule - in 1933 - the temple was closed, and all the bells were removed. In the Great Patriotic War in its building were stored Tretyakov Gallery. In the late 40-ies the church was re-opened for worship. Now he has a spiritual and educational center called "Ascension".

At the moment, Big Ordynka is not being rebuilt. It was decided to restore it in order to preserve the centuries-old history in this reserved corner of Moscow. According to the plan after the restoration, a reserved historical quarter of the pre-Petrine era will be created here - a kind of museum located in the open air.