Monolithic construction of multi-storey buildings: technology, requirements

Over the past few decades, the monolithic construction of multi-storey buildings has become a real breakthrough for the entire construction sector. The structures of such structures contain a minimum number of supporting elements in the form of columns, capital walls and pylons, which opens wide possibilities for more rational practical application of the saved residential space.

The reasons for the growth in the popularity of monolithic construction

At present, the emergence of a wide range of new materials and the development of innovative building technologies greatly simplify the process of monolithic erection of structures, making it more economical and quick.

Carrying out the construction of a monolithic house with their own hands, the future owner of the dwelling realizes that with the arrangement of the premises his fantasy will be limited only to the outer walls of the building. It is during the construction of a private house in accordance with monolithic technology that it is possible to allocate sufficient space for organizing a cozy and at the same time wide enough kitchen space, creating spacious living rooms, dressing rooms, decorating the interior in the form of a studio.

Advantages of realizing projects for the monolithic construction of housing are well known to construction companies, as well as professional realtors, since from year to year the number of those who want to live in an apartment or a house from monolithic reinforced concrete only increases.

Construction of monolithic houses: technology and milestones

The process of building a house in accordance with the technology of monolithic construction assumes the following stages of work:

• Laying a solid foundation;
• The installation of the framework on the basis of the reinforcement;
• Laying of concrete;
• Installation of formwork;
• Formwork or removal of formwork (in case of using removable laying technology).

On construction sites for the construction of monolithic houses, the formwork is filled with a concrete mix using high-power concrete pumps. If we talk about the structural design of such structures, the main emphasis here is on strong diaphragms and hardness kernels, which are usually formed in the area of elevator and staircases. These elements are responsible for the stability of a monolithic building.

The construction of monolithic residential buildings involves the separation of inter-apartment and inter-apartment space by installing brick walls. In recent years, perlite and plasterboard partitions have been increasingly used as an alternative to brick for this purpose . This approach to the division of space reduces the period of introduction of housing in operation from the time of laying the foundation more than 5 times. In addition, the separation of living space in this way does not require the costs of special forces for the surface finish, because the plasterboard can immediately be applied wallpaper or painting.

Materials

When building capital facilities in accordance with monolithic technology, in addition to using such mandatory components as concrete and metal fittings, most large companies emphasize the use of fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene. Such structural elements of the future monolithic building are made in the form of a hollow inside a polystyrene block, the components of which are two panels connected by bridges. Make panels and jumpers from the same material or from durable plastic. Styrofoam differs in a really low weight, so it facilitates easy, fast installation.

Features of the construction of monolithic structures

What is a monolithic construction of multi-storey buildings? The technology is simple enough, but at the same time has its own distinctive features. The main works, as in the case of any other construction technologies, begin with the laying of the foundation. The strength of the entire building will depend to a large extent on how well the foundation of a monolithic structure is quality and verified.

At the end of all organizational arrangements, after the necessary earthworks are completed, specially prepared reinforcement frames and also the embedded elements of the monolithic foundation are erected. Further, in the presence of a ready foundation and frame elements of the structure, including the arrangement of drainage communications and waterproofing systems, the process of building floors using monolithic reinforced concrete begins.

The construction of houses from monolithic foam concrete during the erection of columns, walls, elevator shafts and pylons requires the use of a panel formwork, which is part of the monolithic ceilings. At the organization of overlappings, first of all, the formwork is assembled, where later the frame from the armature is mounted.

One of the most important stages in the construction of a capital monolithic structure is the development of an exact project to select the position of the formwork. The given question is solved due to application of experience of the qualified experts and attraction of the personnel of geodetic services.

The process of concreting monolithic structures

Concreting of structures of buildings erected with the use of monolithic construction technology is carried out by dense uniform distribution of the pre-prepared concrete mix in the formwork. To compact concrete poured into the formwork with the help of high-power pumps capable of delivering it to a considerable height, special vibration mechanisms are used.

The construction of a monolithic frame of the house in the winter season has its own unique features. To make the concrete hardened and hardened in time according to the developed design, the "winter" concrete mixture is formed with the use of antifreeze additives. In this case the reinforcing cages of the future monolithic structure are equipped with special heating cables. The implementation of such measures in the performance of work in severe frosts greatly simplifies the construction of a monolithic brick house.

Level of reliability

The construction of a frame-monolithic house consists, first of all, in transferring load-bearing loads along reinforced concrete columns, as well as reinforced ceilings to monolithic concrete that is resistant to significant loads. The application of this principle in practice contributes to the construction of a truly stable and extremely reliable frame of a multi-storey building.

As for partitions, in monolithic buildings they are purely formal in nature and do not fix any loads. Buying housing in a monolithic house, you can easily abandon all partitions, having issued your own apartment in the form of a spacious studio with the most open space.

What determines the quality of the construction of a monolithic house?

The quality of work on the erection of monolithic buildings depends primarily on the presence of even polished structures, as well as strict control over the progress of all the activities without exception. The results of such control must necessarily be recorded in a special journal. In particular, the construction of a monolithic brick house requires a thorough check of the quality of the binding of the frameworks from the reinforcement, the determination of the accuracy of the formwork, the control of the reliability of the concrete, from the moment it is received and ending with the acquisition of the strength of the concrete mass cast into the formwork.

Price of issue

At present, the construction of monolithic houses, the technology of erection of which was described above, can significantly reduce the cost of ready-to-move housing. This is due to the high speed of construction, which is due to the possibility of using work processes with high processability. If we compare prices for living space in monolithic houses with a similar value in prefabricated buildings, then this indicator is lower by 10-15%.

Advantages of monolithic construction

Why is monolithic construction of multi-storey buildings today preferable? The technology of construction of such buildings has the following advantages:

• Long service life of buildings;
• Unlimited possibilities for planning and interior decoration of premises;
• The highest speed of construction work;
• Availability of improved sound and heat insulation characteristics due to the lack of joints, seams and voids of surfaces;
• Reduced material consumption.

Disadvantages of monolithic construction

Despite the impressive number of obvious advantages, there is a number of cons and monolithic construction of multi-storey buildings. Technology does not do without flaws, but they relate primarily to the progress of construction and do not refer to the quality of finished structures. The main disadvantages of monolithic construction can be described as:

• The likelihood of serious delays in the urgent implementation of the plan in the event of deterioration in weather conditions, which make it difficult to fill the formwork with concrete;
• The need to perform all construction activities in the open space, which creates certain difficulties and inconveniences for construction team specialists.

Conclusion

In the article, we examined in detail the monolithic construction of multi-storey buildings. The technology of their erection makes it possible to introduce high-rise residential buildings into operation as soon as possible. This, in turn, is an obvious plus not only for construction companies that need accurate implementation of the plan, but also for future homeowners who purchase living space long before the construction of an apartment building.

Applying a reliable formwork and strong metal fittings as a basis, it is much more difficult to admit a critical structural error or a fault in the structure of the structure. The construction of monolithic multi-storey houses built according to the latest standards is such that they possess the highest seismic stability. Walls, flooring and ceiling are obtained as flat as possible, the surfaces are devoid of all kinds of seams and voids.

Only in the construction of monolithic buildings for residential purposes there are tremendous opportunities for implementing a wide variety of spatial and spatial solutions, which in itself increases the operational characteristics of the building.

As for the level of ecological compatibility of monolithic structures, which in their essence represent only concrete boxes of original design, construction companies provide for the possibility of creating brick cladding and partitions. It is the brick, along with gypsum plasterboard and other common partitions, that has the highest level of environmental safety.