Modern production. Structure of modern production. Problems of modern production

Developed industry and high level of the country's economy are the key factors affecting the wealth and well-being of its population. Such a state has great economic opportunities and potential. A significant component of the economy of many countries is production.

What is modern production?

It is a type of manufacturing of material and non-material goods based on the application of science and technology. Intensive changes in traditional production occurred in the mid-1990s, when industry began using technical innovations and developments of the world's scientists of the 20th century. All spheres of modern production depend on science and information.

Structure of modern production

Modern production is divided into two types of activity:

1. Material production, which includes branches of the national economy that produce material goods: agriculture, industry, construction, etc.
2. The service sector, which, in turn, is divided into two types:

• Material services are aimed at meeting the physical needs of the consumer, continuing the production process, providing the necessary conditions for business. These include food production, transportation, communications, trade, storage of goods, tourism, maintenance of processes at enterprises, housing and communal services;
• Intangible services - actions directed directly at the person and his surrounding conditions. The result of such services does not take on an objective form. These include insurance, social services, health care, scientific activities, spiritual and intellectual services, reception of guests in places of food and hotels, entertainment, education and counseling.

This structure of modern production is due to the rapid development in recent years of all kinds of services and information technologies.

Features of modern production

Modern production is characterized by the following features:

• Increase in the value of services in production processes;
• The ability to satisfy not only the real needs of the consumer, but also his potential requirements;
• The development of information technologies that underlie production processes;
• The economy of many countries depends significantly on the non-material spheres: culture and art.

Factors of modern production

1. Personnel - the enterprise uses the work of specially trained people to create goods or change objects of nature to meet the needs of society.
2. Means of labor - all sorts of material things, with the help of which goods and services necessary for mankind are created. These include machinery (machinery, tools, equipment, various machines and tools), natural resources (for example, water in hydroelectric power plants). Thanks to the means of labor, natural riches are transformed into useful objects and goods.
3. The objects of labor are things or their totality, which humanity uses to satisfy its needs. They are divided into natural substances that have not been changed (coal seam), and raw materials that have undergone some processing (broken ore).
4. Information - recently it plays a decisive role in production processes. Even if the enterprise owns the first three factors, without information it is doomed to closure.

Production technology

The production technology of the enterprise is a set of special techniques and knowledge that are used to produce goods of appropriate quality. The use of technology should be accompanied by documentation describing all the requirements, conditions and quality standards that the enterprise is guided by in the production process.

The manufacturing company applies a set of input factors, which form the technology of the enterprise. For example, the owner of a confectionery shop uses the labor of hired bakers, raw materials in the form of flour, sugar, various additives and capital - equipment, furnaces, miscellaneous equipment for the production of bread, pies and confectionery.

Modern technology is more progressive, and the company can make some adjustments to it in order to increase the volume of finished products in the recruitment of standard factors of production. So, the owner calculates what is more profitable: a labor-intensive manual production process or the use of capital-intensive equipment.

Modern production technologies play a key role in the efficiency of operations. For this reason, the world actively disseminates and exchanges advanced know-how. Thus, economists identified information as a new special factor in modern production.

Information as the key to success

Information is a set of specific knowledge and information. All spheres of modern production largely depend on it. Information plays an important role, providing software control of equipment, organizing the production process and its control, the possibility of making changes quickly, instantaneous dissemination of progressive ideas and technologies, upgrading of skills and knowledge of employees.

The importance of knowledge in all spheres is growing every day. Economists identified this trend in a separate process, which was called the information revolution. It was she who caused the transition of the developed countries from the industrial type of society to the information one.

Types of modern production

The 21st century is characterized by a wide variety of production activities. The largest enterprises compete for the development of new niches of the market, creating previously unknown goods and services.

To list all existing types of production in our day is very difficult. But all of them, depending on the theme of their activity, are grouped in such groups:

1. Food production.
2. Building.
3. Manufacture of consumer goods.
4. Recycling of recyclable materials.
5. Manufacture of building materials.
6. Manufacturing of material resources for enterprises.
7. Chemical production.

In each country, the development of these branches of the economy can differ and depends mainly on the availability of necessary raw materials and production capacities.

Organization of modern production

The organization of production processes is the unification of all processes and elements of production, ensuring their interaction, creating conditions for the realization of the economic goals of the enterprise and the social needs of workers.

Thanks to the rapid technological development and development of new types of activities, the organization of production has changed significantly.

Thus, in the era of industrial society, the main branch of the national economy was industrial production. It was based on mass production, which went down in history as Fordism - on behalf of Henry Ford, who first used this method of organization in his car factory. The key components of mass production at that time were:

• Rationalization - the distribution of each labor action on the simplest operations and the definition of such a sequence that would lead to the fastest production;
• Standardization of parts and processes - reducing the variety of operations to reduce the time required;
• Conveyorization of continuous production - an increase in the volume of manufactured products and a reduction in its cost.

Thus, mass production ensured a large increase in labor productivity and a considerable saving of resources.

However, in the future the society faced the first problems of such an organization. Mass production of goods oversaturated the market with the same type of products, and consumer demand shifted more and more towards exclusive products. This individualization of demand has forced most industrial enterprises to change the way of production and to start using multipurpose equipment with program control, which is still used today.

The wide introduction of such flexible production systems is the main feature of the organization of modern production. Thanks to this, the volumes of products can still be large, but the product differs in a diverse assortment.

Problems of modern production

In modern conditions of economic development, industrial enterprises face important problems:

1. Any type of production requires constant technical modernization. In order for the activity to be efficient and profitable, it is necessary to ensure production growth, increase competitiveness, and expand commodity markets. To implement these tasks, it is necessary to apply technological modernization.
2. Deficiency of financing and material and technical base. In such conditions, enterprises do not have the opportunity to develop, introduce new technologies and innovations, master the highest level of production.
3. Insufficiently developed research work in the field of the enterprise. This problem negatively affects the state of the industry as a whole. Imperfect knowledge, a lack of development and modern research lead to a gradual decline in activity and a slowdown in production growth.
4. The deterioration of social conditions in the enterprise, which leads to a sharp outflow of skilled personnel. The lack of specialists adversely affects the development of industry.

Solve these problems by investing in modern production technologies. To do this, you can use the company's internal capital or raise financing from outside.

Modern production and ecology

Production is largely related to nature. Modern industry uses large amounts of natural resources. As a result, nature is depleted, people's health deteriorates, and their living conditions deteriorate. This problem is so urgent that the governments of all countries have set themselves the task of compulsory accounting of the environmental factor.

Such a decision made significant changes in the production of modern enterprises. They are forced to switch to non-waste and resource-saving technologies, to use protective and cleaning devices, to carry out scientific development and research on environmental protection.