Minimally invasive operation: features, risks, benefits and consequences

Minimally invasive surgery is a surgical intervention in the body without incisions. In this case everything is done through punctures and special equipment. About what features and benefits this operation has, we'll talk further in the article.

Description

The main difference of this operation from the usual is that it occurs through point punctures of the tissue or through the natural openings of the body.

Minimally invasive surgery is done under local anesthesia. That is, a person is conscious. The procedure usually lasts about an hour. After that, the patient does not need to stay in the hospital.

Minimally invasive surgery can be of two types. Namely, laparoscopy and endoscopy. Now we will talk about each of them.

Description of laparoscopy

Laparoscopy allows, through surgical intervention, to treat the following diseases:

• Infertility in women;
• Endometriosis;
• Ovarian cyst;
• Uterine myoma;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• cancer.

During an operation of this type, small incisions are made on the anterior abdominal wall. Their size is from half to one and a half centimeters. The incision or puncture is carried out by means of a trocar - a special thin tube.

For the operation, 3 or 4 punctures are done. Further through these openings, carbon dioxide is introduced into the body. It is necessary to create the necessary space for the operation. In addition, a camera is inserted through the incisions, which will display the internal space on the monitor, and tools.

Description of Endoscopy

What is an endoscopic minimally invasive operation? This study of the internal organs of man. This procedure is carried out through endoscopes - special optical devices.

Unlike laparoscopy, this operation does not imply the making of special incisions, since endoscopes are inserted through the natural openings of the body. For example, in order to examine the stomach, the device is administered through the mouth and esophagus. If necessary, to examine the patient's lungs and bronchi, the endoscope is delivered to these organs through the larynx. And to diagnose the function of the bladder, the device is injected through the urethra.

Before endoscopy, the patient is given a sleeping pill. This is necessary in order for the patient to be in a relaxed state during the operation. The state of health of the operated person is under the control of an anesthesiologist. And after awakening, the patient, as a rule, does not feel any pain signs.

Indication for the operation

Let us consider in what cases this intervention is observed:

1. Minimally invasive operations are carried out to remove the gallbladder, appendicitis, various tumors in the stomach and intestines.
2. Through such surgery, you can remove stones in the urinary tract, prostate adenoma, tumors in the bladder. Also this method restores the patency of the ureters.
3. With the help of this method, gynecological operations are performed.
4. Plastic surgery.
5. Removal of lymph nodes and tumors.
6. Vessel treatment, namely removal of sclerotic pathology.

Benefits

In modern medicine, there are clear advantages of minimally invasive operations:

1. This surgical intervention does not require hospitalization of the patient.
2. A person is not given antibiotics before the procedure.
3. Minor pain after surgery.
4. A fast period of rehabilitation and a return to work.
5. Less likelihood of any complications after the intervention.
6. The duration of stay in the hospital is from 1 to 3 days.
7. Absence of postoperative sutures, which require bandaging and special therapy.

Minimally invasive surgical operations: minuses and consequences

But this method has its drawbacks. So, for the surgeon there is a certain complexity in carrying out the operation, namely space limitation. In addition, the entire operation is carried out by special tools, there is no tactile contact, which causes certain difficulties. For example, when suturing a patient. For such serious procedures, the surgeon must have a certain skill.

Heart surgery

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery is considered one of the latest achievements of modern medicine. They allow for successful interventions to treat heart disease.

Such procedures are considered the most gentle method. By means of modern medicine technologies, it became possible to combine several stages of the operation into one. For example, with this method of intervention, it is not necessary to connect a person to an artificial circulation device. There are statistics, thanks to which it is known that after carrying out such surgical interventions, the risk of occurrence of any complications is significantly reduced.

Minimally invasive surgery is performed for adult patients and children (even the smallest patients). With them, the number of deaths is significantly lower.

Operations for the treatment of congenital heart defects with a minimally invasive method allow them to be carried out to very young children. At the same time, the rehabilitation period is significantly reduced, so that patients can quickly return to normal life.

Minimally invasive surgeries for hemorrhoids removal

Another direction of using this method in medicine is surgery to remove hemorrhoids. Briefly we will recollect, what is this illness or disease.

Hemorrhoids - a disease of the rectum, which arises from the expansion of veins in its walls. The latter leads to the formation of blood clots, which are called hemorrhoidal nodes.

The process of progression of this disease is divided into 4 stages. It is believed that the first stage can be cured without surgery. But the disease in the last stages can only be treated surgically.

The essence of the stages of hemorrhoids is that the further the disease develops, the more nodes that are formed protrude more and, as a result, drop out of the anus, causing many problems and inconveniences to the patient. The operation is appointed at the last stage, when other methods of treatment failed. It is also taken into account the fact that thrombosis develops in the nodes.

In addition to traditional surgical intervention, the operation for removing hemorrhoids is performed by a minimally invasive method. Its essence lies in the fact that it is performed without a scalpel. The patient is given several punctures in the internal tissues, through which the operative intervention is performed.

There are several types of minimally invasive operations to remove hemorrhoids:

1. Sclerotherapy.
2. Ligation (with this method, latex rings are used).
3. Laser coagulation.
4. Photocoagulation. This operation is carried out using infrared radiation.
5. Application of a radial scalpel.
6. Cryodestruction.

The main advantage of such methods is a short period of recovery of the body.

Conclusion

Recently, many specialists give their preference to minimally invasive endoscopic operations. By the way, some patients can be examined for diagnosis in this way.

From all of the above, we can conclude that this type of intervention is a modern achievement of medicine. It allows you to choose the most sparing method of surgery for patients, which is especially valuable in the presence of additional pathologies in the body.

Thanks to such a method as minimally invasive operations, the risk of complication is minimized, the period of rehabilitation of the patient takes less time, and the return to the usual rhythm of life occurs much faster than after the usual surgical intervention.