Microwave radiation. Features, features, application

Microwave radiation is electromagnetic radiation, which consists of the following ranges: decimeter, centimeter and millimeter. The length of its wave varies from 1 m (the frequency in this case is 300 MHz) to 1 mm (the frequency is 300 GHz).

A wide practical application of microwave radiation has been obtained in the implementation of the method of contactless heating of bodies and objects. In the scientific world, this discovery is intensively used in the study of outer space. The familiar and best-known use is in home microwave ovens. In heavy industry it is used for heat treatment of metals.

Also to date, microwave radiation has become widespread in radar. Antennas, receivers and transmitters are in fact expensive objects, but they are successfully recouped because of the huge information capacity of microwave communication channels. The popularity of its use in everyday life and in production is explained by the fact that this type of radiation is all-pervasive, therefore, the heating of the object comes from within.

The scale of electromagnetic frequencies, or rather, its beginning and end, is two different forms of radiation:

• Ionizing (the frequency of the wave is greater than the frequency of visible light);
• Non-ionizing (the frequency of the radiation is less than the frequency of visible light).

For a person, the danger is extremely high-frequency non-ionized radiation, which directly affects human biocurrents at a frequency of 1 to 35 Hz. As a rule, non-ionized microwave radiation provokes causeless fatigue, cardiac arrhythmia, nausea, a decrease in the general tone of the body and a strong headache. Such symptoms should be a signal that the harmful source of radiation is close, which can cause significant damage to health. Nevertheless, as soon as a person leaves the danger zone, the malaise ceases, and these unpleasant symptoms disappear on their own.

Forced radiation was discovered back in 1916 by the brilliant scientist A. Einstein. He described this phenomenon as the effect of an external electromagnetic field that occurs when an electron in an atom moves from the upper energy level to a lower one. Radiation, which occurs in this case, was called induced. He has one more name - forced radiation. Its peculiarity consists in the fact that the atom emits an electromagnetic wave - polarization, frequency, phase, and also the direction of propagation in it is the same as for the original wave.

Induced radiation scientists used as a basis in the work of modern lasers, which, in turn, helped in the creation of fundamentally new modern devices - for example, quantum hygrometers, brightness amplifiers, etc.

Thanks to the laser, new technical directions have appeared - such as laser technologies, holography, nonlinear and integral optics, laser chemistry. It is used in medicine with complicated operations before the eyes, in surgery. The monochromaticity and coherence of the laser make it indispensable in spectroscopy, isotope separation, angular velocity measurement systems and in optical locating.

Microwave radiation is also a radio emission, only it belongs to the infrared range, and also it has the highest frequency in the radio range. With this radiation, we come across several times a day, using a microwave oven to warm up food, and also talking on a mobile phone. Very interesting and important application was found to him by astronomers. Microwave radiation is used to study the cosmic background or relic radiation of the times of the Big Bang, which occurred billions of years ago. Astrophysicists study the heterogeneity of luminescence in some parts of the sky, which helps to know how galaxies formed in the Universe.