Methods of ceasing combustion and fire extinguishing agents

If a fire occurs, it must be extinguished immediately. Now there are various ways to stop burning, which quickly cope with the fire. Traditional means is water. It really is considered to be effective, because it cope even with complex fires.

But water can not always overcome fire, so other extinguishing agents are used. For example, powder and gas substances, liquid formulations and aerosols are used. Everyone should know about effective methods of extinguishing the flame. Often, even in the school textbooks on OBZH you can meet the question: "List the main methods of cessation of burning, used for different cases."

Distribution factors

Before considering the issue of cessation of combustion, it is necessary to understand the factors of the spread of ignition. A fire is a chemical process in which any material ignites. This phenomenon can be progressing in time and in area. The cause of the fire is often the following:

• Careless handling of fire ;
• Malfunction of electrical networks and devices;
• Non-observance of safety rules.

The causes of fire may be different. In any case, the fire spreads very quickly, and it is necessary to act immediately. Employees of the fire service apply various adaptations and methods depending on the scale of the fire.

It is necessary to take into account that the fire is divided into 3 zones: combustion, thermal influence and destruction by combustion substances. It is important to observe the safety rules, which will help to prevent damage to the health of people and premises.

Methods for stopping combustion

Do not allow the spread of fire now can be 4 popular methods used in practice. These include:

• Decrease in temperature of components of ignition;
• Isolation of combustible substances and materials;
• Dilution of flammable substances, which will not lead to a fire;
• Use of chemicals and fire protection regulations.

Usually, water, foam, powders and various equipment are used to remove the flame. Proper use of them allows you to eliminate the flame in any room.

Types of fire extinguishing agents

The main ways to stop burning are divided according to the principle of influence on fire. The most popular methods of influence include the cooling of a hazardous area. When extinguishing, the supply of a means for a cease-fire is effected. Workers of the fire service are mixing the elements of structures, dismantling hot components, so that the source of fire quickly cooled.

Another principle is created by diluting the reacting elements. In this case, the extinguishing components are volatile or decomposing non-combustible materials. Also, insulating substances that act on the activity in the combustion area by means of creating barriers, bridges are used.

Classification of fire extinguishing agents

There are other ways to stop burning, based on the physical state of the substances. The latter, as is known, are liquid, gaseous, free-flowing, solid, and also tissue. Classification of fire extinguishing means by the method of influence on the fire area can include in one category several materials with different physico-chemical effects.

Cooling means

Often, during the study of safety techniques, we hear such a question: "List ways to stop burning." Respond to it can begin with the characteristics of cooling means. They are among the most effective. There are ways to stop burning in a fire with a heat release. This is ensured by the use of refrigerants, which, due to cooling, regulate the heat sink, reduce the level of combustion.

The traditional means of extinguishing is water, which has high heat capacity, availability and chemical inertness. But like all the universal means, the liquid has minuses. Water has a high electrical conductivity, which is a limitation for its use.

Isolating means

The school often asks the question: "List the main ways to stop burning." In specialized textbooks there is all information about isolating agents. The most popular of them include foam. Thanks to the isolating function, it quickly eliminates the flame with small losses. It should be noted that the foam is considered a non-toxic substance.

But not always it can be used to eliminate a fire. For example, the created soapy solution will not be effective, since in the flame its effect is destroyed. Therefore, special means have a structure that resembles soap bubbles. To strengthen the foam composition, special stabilizers are added.

There are ways to stop burning with the help of special powders. Although they are considered universal, nevertheless, first of all, they isolate the source of fire. To eliminate the flame, powders with alkali metals, carbonate, bicarbonate, ammonium salts are used. These components help in extinguishing electrical equipment.

Dilution components

These funds are used in special conditions. To extinguish the flame in this way, use materials that dilute flammable vapors with gases. Different approaches can be used to supply materials, for example, to a source of fire, to the air or to a burning object.

In practice, the most popular means include carbon dioxide, which quickly copes with burning in a fire. Fire extinguishing components with nitrogen and water vapor content are also effective. For example, water vapor is used to extinguish flames in enclosed buildings.

Chemical substances

The methods of stopping combustion with the help of chemical means are popular. The principle of operation is based on the chemical effects of the components on the fire. Thanks to the use of these tools, the combustion reaction is suppressed . Halogenated hydrocarbons have such an effect.

But it should be borne in mind that they have a toxic effect. If we consider specific compounds, the inhibitory components can be in the form of Freons and other substances with ethane and methane. Specialists refer to such materials as chladones.

Use of mobile and fixed facilities

Any methods of stopping the burning of substances and materials are effective only when a qualitative supply system of the appropriate composition operates. For this, mobile and stationary installations used for the introduction and spraying of a substance are used.

Mobile means are fire engines, which are in specialized services. And this is not only the usual transport, but also trains, planes, ships of the sea. Also, stationary devices used for the release of a fire extinguishing agent are common. For example, systems are used in closed buildings.

The functions of stationary installations include the elimination and localization of a fire. There are many methods of constructive use of such complexes. Distinguish between modular and aggregate systems. New devices are equipped with modern electronics and advanced monitoring systems.

Fire extinguishing substances in the monitors

The fire extinguishing means are designed during the construction of the facility, where they will be installed. These systems are more demanding to ensure, therefore their location is especially important. They are used in industrial buildings where there are tanks for extinguishing equipment. These include tanks with water or cylinders with foam or gas filler.

There are devices that are not used to completely eliminate the flame. Their main function is to protect production equipment and communications. Lafet structures are stationary and mobile. The supply of a fire extinguishing agent often occurs through engineering networks and communications. This allows you to effectively organize the work on extinguishing.

Automation

Thanks to the new automatic settings, it is possible to effectively control the factors that lead to a fire. And then you can begin to extinguish the flame on time. As a rule, when exceeding the programmed indicators, the active components are supplied, and therefore an alarm is triggered. There are different approaches to managing funds. For example, there are sprinkler systems that are automated, but there are devices with manual control. Automatic means are needed where the staff does not work around the clock. The correct choice of the extinguishing agent will prevent possible losses.

Each type of fire extinguishing has its own kind of active component. It is rare to use several materials in one system because of security. The most popular is the construction with water fire extinguishing.

Now, deluge complexes are used, designed to protect rooms with a high level of fire hazard. These devices are effective due to the provision of irrigation of the entire protected area. Complexes consist of pumping equipment, control panel, pipeline, water tank.

Another desirable component used for deluge structures is foam. Systems are needed to protect local areas in production buildings. Sprinkler installations with a foam agent are often used. These are the main ways to stop burning in a high-rise building and other rooms. With their help you will quickly eliminate the flame.